Depression and Antidepressants Essay -- Chemistry Depression Papers

Depression and AntidepressantsSpecifically the serotonergic hypothesis and the maskion of ProzacThe give of Clinical depression has dour been a mystery to physicians and researchers. Many distinct theories realise been proposed, but no conclusive evidence has been put forth. However, close of what we retire about depression stems from the results of true drugs which have been successful in treating the clinically depressed. These anti--depressants have led to the assumption that depression is most likely due to a chemical imbalance (of neurotransmitters) which somehow leads to the symptoms of depression. To try and write a paper on all the theories of depression would be endless, as would be a athletic field on all the different types of anti-depressants. Therefore I have tried to focus my paper on the serotonin hypothesis for depression, and more specifically how the serotonergic anti-depressants have backed up this theory. Of course, all paper on serotonin-based anti-dep ressants must include the popular Prozac. Because of the excitement And controversy surrounding Prozac, I decided to channel most of my paper into the action of this supposed wonder drug. fluoxetine hydrocholoride is a second-generation anti-depressant which was developed and marketed as PROZAC by the drug company Eli Lilly. This drug is more and more being prescribed by physicians as the primary anti-depressant when a patient requires pharmacotherapy. This is mainly due to fluexotines reduced side affects as compared with the older tricyclic antidepressant anti-depressants. Fluoxetine is known to act as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in brain synapses where serotonin is the neurotransmitter. However, an exact mechanism has not born(p) elucidated. Information about serotonin synaps... ..., June 1992, 89(6)445-446. (cited as 9) Hyman, S. E. & Nestler, E. J. The Molecular Foundations of Psychiatry. Washington Amer. Psych., 1993. (cited as 7 & 8) Nathan, R. S., Perel, J. H., Pollock, B. G. & Kupfer, D. J. The role of neuropharmacologic selectivity in antidepressant action. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Sept. 1990, 51(9) 367-372. Price, L. O., Charney, D. S., Goodman, W. K., Krystal, J. H., Woods, A. N. & Heninger, G. R. Clinical info on the role of serotonin in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Journal Clinical Psychiatry, April 1990, 51 44-50. (cited as 5) Richelson, E. Antidepressant and brain neurochemistry. Mayo Clinic Proc., Sept. 1990, 65(9) 227-236. Somni, R. W., Crismon, M. L. & Bowden, C. L. Fluoxetine a serotonin-specific, second-generation antidepressant, Pharmacotherapy, Jan.-Feb. 1987, 7(1) 1-15. Depression and Antidepressants Essay -- Chemistry Depression PapersDepression and AntidepressantsSpecifically the serotonergic hypothesis and the action of ProzacThe cause of Clinical depression has long been a mystery to physicians and researchers. Many different theories have been proposed, but no conclusiv e evidence has been put forth. However, most of what we know about depression stems from the results of certain drugs which have been successful in treating the clinically depressed. These anti--depressants have led to the assumption that depression is most likely due to a chemical imbalance (of neurotransmitters) which somehow leads to the symptoms of depression. To try and write a paper on all the theories of depression would be endless, as would be a study on all the different types of anti-depressants. Therefore I have tried to focus my paper on the serotonin hypothesis for depression, and more specifically how the serotonergic anti-depressants have backed up this theory. Of course, Any paper on serotonin-based anti-depressants must include the popular Prozac. Because of the excitement And controversy surrounding Prozac, I decided to channel most of my paper into the action of this so-called wonder drug. Fluoxetine is a second-generation anti-depressant which was developed and m arketed as PROZAC by the drug company Eli Lilly. This drug is increasingly being prescribed by physicians as the primary anti-depressant when a patient requires pharmacotherapy. This is mainly due to fluexotines reduced side affects as compared with the older tricyclic anti-depressants. Fluoxetine is known to act as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in brain synapses where serotonin is the neurotransmitter. However, an exact mechanism has not born elucidated. Information about serotonin synaps... ..., June 1992, 89(6)445-446. (cited as 9) Hyman, S. E. & Nestler, E. J. The Molecular Foundations of Psychiatry. Washington Amer. Psych., 1993. (cited as 7 & 8) Nathan, R. S., Perel, J. H., Pollock, B. G. & Kupfer, D. J. The role of neuropharmacologic selectivity in antidepressant action. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Sept. 1990, 51(9) 367-372. Price, L. O., Charney, D. S., Goodman, W. K., Krystal, J. H., Woods, A. N. & Heninger, G. R. Clinical data on the role of serotonin in th e mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Journal Clinical Psychiatry, April 1990, 51 44-50. (cited as 5) Richelson, E. Antidepressant and brain neurochemistry. Mayo Clinic Proc., Sept. 1990, 65(9) 227-236. Somni, R. W., Crismon, M. L. & Bowden, C. L. Fluoxetine a serotonin-specific, second-generation antidepressant, Pharmacotherapy, Jan.-Feb. 1987, 7(1) 1-15.

Achiles’ Shield in the Iliad Essay -- Literature Art War Papers

Achiles Shield as an Element of Contradistinction in the Iliad The Iliad is an epic of death. It is a tale of conflict, battle, agony, and horrific mutilation. accolade and glory are attained through warfare. The great shield of Achiles stands out in this context because it depicts the glories of an orderly, functioning, productive civilization. This depiction of carriage stands in stark furrow to the scenes of death that constitute a large portion of the narrative. An examination of the shield of Achiles in Homers Iliad reveals many ideas in conflict love and honor, the pleasures of life versus a heroic death, step down will and destiny. By viewing the shield as an element of contradistinctionthat is to define it on the basis of contrastone offer see that the shield symbollicaly unifies the entire poem. Achiles shield is the mechanism through which the poet presents a tool of warfare as a reflection of civilization explores the concept, structure, and nature of the creatio n and examines the role of art in society.I. A Reflection of Civlization on a Tool of WarfareIn the epic tradtion, the arming of wariors for batle holds particular significance. The description of a wariors armor tels much about the individual character of the warior and about the values of the society of which he is part. The Iliad contains many such arming scenes which take the candid description of armor and transform it into a more expansive and iluminating portrait of ancient Greek mentality. When compared with one another, these descriptions of armor reveal some basic distinctions that put forward the shield of Achiles of utmost importance.As noted by Atchity in Homers Iliad The Shield of Memory, the armor of Paris is described in book thre... ...contradictions. machination is the medium through which humans explore lifes great questions and test its boundaries. Armed with the belief that ordered civlization will prevail, the artistpoet, metalworker, painter, actoris free to enter into the batlle of ideals.Works CitedAtchity, Kenneth John. Homers Iliad The Shield of Memory. Carbondale, IL Southern Ilinois Univ., 1978.Becker, Andrew Sprague. The Shield of Achiles and the Poetics of Ekphrasis. Lanham, MD Rowman & Litlefield, 1995.Duethorn, Guenter A. Achiles Shield and the Structure of the Iliad. Amherst, MA Amherst Colege, 1962.Edwards, Mark W. The Iliad A Commentary. Vol. V books 1720. G.S. Kirk gen. ed. Cambridge, MA 1995.Homer. The Iliad. Trans. Richmond Latimore. Chicago Univ. of Chicago, 1961. Keats, John. Ode to a Grecian Urn. 4 Oct. 2003 htp//www.poets.org/poems/.

Depression in Hopkins Sonnets of Desolation Essay -- Sonnet essays

Depression in Hopkins Sonnets of Desolation Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889) was, first and foremost, a human of the cloth. He seems to have scar his gifts in musical composition, drawing, and poetry at a distant second to his ecclesiastical duties for most of his life, causing him to experience howling(a) bouts of depression. Hopkins poured out this depression in what are known as the Sonnets of Desolation, including I wake and feel the fell of dark, not day, Not, Ill carrion comfort, Despair, not feast on thee, and No Worst, there is none. Pitched past pitch of grief. In his 1970 essay entitled The Dark Night of the Soul, Paul L. Mariani tells us that while Hopkins friend Robert Bridges feeling that Carrion Comfort was probably the sonnet Hopkins told him in May was written in blood, No worst, there is none was probably meant (59). No Worst seems to be set rather firmly in the lowest valley of that depression, and the cumulative effect of unrealized professional goals, poli tical visions, and artistic skills contributed to its construction. The very finality of the phrasing Hopkins chose to exculpated the sonnet with brook no argument things can get no worse. Part of this despair sprung from Hopkins abstinence from writing. He was a Jesuit who converted to universality in 1866. Due to his religious beliefs, he attempted to deny his talents he felt that the level of pleasure he derived through poetic expression approached the wicked and burned his youthful verses, determining to economise no more, as not belonging to my profession (Britannica 1). Yet Hopkins seems to have been drawn uncontrollably to poetry. By 1875 he had begun to write again stirred by the death of five nuns who drowned ... ...iterature, History, and Culture in the Age of Victoria (Brown Universitys Context 61). Ed. George P. Landow. 1995 http//landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/hopkins/hopkins12.html Mariani, Paul. The Dark Night of the Soul. Originally visual aspect in A Comment ary on the Complete Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins. Cornell University Press, 1970. From Modern Critical Views Gerard Manley Hopkins, Harold Bloom, ed. Chelsea House Publishers, New York. 1986. Hopkins, Gerard Manley. No Worst, There is None, I Wake and Feel the dangle of Dark, and My own heart let me more have pity on 1918. London Humphrey Milford, 1918. New York, Bartleby Online Oct. 1999. http//www.bartleby.com/122/45.html Reid, John Cowie. Hopkins, Gerard Manley, Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (c) 1999- 2001 Britannica.com Inc. http//www.britannica.com/ed/article?idxref=503256

At a Loss for Words :: Biology Essays Research Papers

At a Loss for WordsI did not feel uniform A.H. Raskin. I now had a new self, a somebody who no longer could use words with mastery. A.H. Raskin, editor for the NY TimesLanguage is the principal mode whereby we formulate our thoughts and convey them to others. It allows us to disclose our fondest memories of the past and communicate our emotions. Language has been instilled in us ever since we were babies inside our mothers womb. We often start language for granted since around of us keep never had to live a life of silence. It is perhaps because of this that people who have suffered brain damage caused by strokes, gunshot wounds, brain tumors, or other traumatic brain injuries feel a loss of self when they lose their ability to speak (1) . If we cant talk then we cant communicate right? Wrong. We often speak of our brains being lateralized. What is brain lateralization exactly? Brain lateralization pertains to the point that the two halves of our so-called symmetrical brain are not exactly alike. There are functional specializations that are specific to each hemisphere (2). For the most part language areas are concentrated in the left hemisphere. Surprisingly, only about three percent of right-handers and nineteen percent of left-handers have language controlled by the right hemisphere (3). Two major areas of the brain, Brocas area and Wernickes area are responsible for language production and language comprehension, respectively. It is fairly severe to assess exactly what parts of the brain control language, anything really, by any means other than clinical reports of people with brain injuries or diseases. Approximately wiz million people in the United States currently have aphasia, the language disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain responsible for language (1). Some people with aphasia have problems primarily with expressive language often termed Brocas aphasia, whereas others have problems with receptive language often dubbed Wer nickes aphasia (3). The two get their names from Paul Broca, a French neurosurgeon, and Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist who identified their respective parts in the mid-1800s (2). Brocas area describes the lower rear portion of the frontal lobe on the left side that is in front of the motor strip (4). Patients with Brocas aphasia often omit small words such as is, and, and the (5). A person with this type of aphasia may say, Walk dog meaning, I will take the dog for a walk.

Personal Narrative - My First True Love :: Personal Narratives

My First True Love Teens deal with conflict on a periodic basis. This holds true especially for Jared. You could say Jared was your average everyday teenager. He plays the guitar in his free time and has a great number of friends. But as for girlfriends, thats a different story. Its not like he isnt an attractive guy. He has shoulder-length brown hair, dark brown eyes and a smiling that was incomparable. His guitar playing skills and singing ability would make a girl go through the roof. And for one special girl, they do. Jared has attended a summer camp for the past times four years. During these four years at camp there are at least ten girls who fall for him. Any other guy would actualize this as great, but not Jared. For three out of the four years he was at camp Jared had Brittany waiting on him at home. Brittany and Jared adored severally other. But this summer would be different. Jared attends camp not looking for anyone but ends up meeting Jessi. Jessi lives in Ohio County and this is her second year at the camp. Nothing rattling happens between them. They just become friends and promise to keep in touch until the next summer. The phone calls are endless with e-mails and online chats even longer. They are really kickoff to bond. By mid-September Jareds mom, Kendra decides its time for everyone from the camp to meet up again before Halloween. She plans an all weekend sleepover at their house. Friends from all over the disk operating system will come and party the whole weekend through. The weekend before the big party, Lorraine, Jareds best friend from camp comes in and helps his mom force the house ready. During that weekend, Brittany breaks Jareds heart. She says she still loves him but isnt in love with him. Jared is devastated. How could this be happening to him? Talking to Jessi on the phone helps because she was going through the analogous thing. Although Jessi wont be able to make it to the party the following weekend, she calls often during that time to be there for Jared.

Essay --

Introduction Civil conflict has been a focal point of the cosmoss attention in the post-Cold War Era, with news coverage of human rights violations, poverty, and casualties. This era has brought a systemic change from inter reconcile wars to intra state wars. Civil conflicts whitethorn be arguably more severe than interstate wars because of the use of rebels, the lack of organized forces, and issues of sovereignty. The specific topic of this research is conflict and in particular, the causes of civil conflict. The motion this research will predict is why argon states failing? Further, do failed states cause internal conflict? This question has extreme importance because of the implications this conflict has for not only its own civilians, but of those around it. Conflicts can cause a multitude of human rights violations, as well as displaced populations resulting in refugees, and overall strain in the region. Understanding the answer to this question helps policymakers make mo re informed decisions surrounding failed states in order to protect themselves and those within the failed state. This paper will address what political scientists have studied about the effects of colonization, explanations for how states fail, and the various causes of civil war. The theory and hypotheses of this paper will be stated, followed by descriptions and measurements of the independent, dependent, and control variables. Then, using statistical data, results will be presented, followed by the conclusion. Literature ReviewState failure has become a key issue in international relations in recent years. Political scientists have offered various explanations as to why states have failed, and possible solutions to stop and reverse state failure. Robert... ...n the recognized territory of a state (Sarkees and Wayman, 2010). For the war to be included in the data set it must involve sustained combat, involving organized armed forces, resulting in a minimum of 1,000 battle- ass ociate fighter aircraft fatalities within a twelve month period (Sarkees and Wayman, 2010). The UCDP/PRIO dataset requires a lesser threshold. The wars included in the internal armed conflict data set are those that occur between the government if a state and internal opposition groups without intervention from other states, resulting in at least 25 battle related deaths (Gleditsch, Wallensteen, Eriksson, Sollenberg, Strand, 2002). Using quantitative research, I predict there will be a causal relationship between previously colonized states, and their present failure. I also predict there to be a causal relationship between failed states and civil conflict.

Essay --

Introduction Civil conflict has been a focal point of the worlds wariness in the post-Cold War Era, with news coverage of human rights violations, poverty, and casualties. This era has brought a systemic change from interstate wars to intra state wars. Civil conflicts may be arguably more severe than interstate wars because of the use of rebels, the lack of organized forces, and issues of sovereignty. The specific topic of this research is conflict and in particular, the causes of civil conflict. The question this research ordain address is why are states failing? Further, do failed states cause internal conflict? This question has extreme importance because of the implications this conflict has for not only its let civilians, but of those around it. Conflicts can cause a multitude of human rights violations, as well as displaced populations resulting in refugees, and overall tension in the region. consciousness the answer to this question helps policymakers make more informe d decisions surrounding failed states in order to protect themselves and those within the failed state. This paper will address what political scientists bemuse studied about the effects of colonization, explanations for how states fail, and the various causes of civil war. The theory and hypotheses of this paper will be stated, followed by descriptions and measurements of the independent, dependent, and control variables. Then, using statistical data, results will be presented, followed by the conclusion. Literature ReviewState failure has become a key issue in international relations in recent years. policy-making scientists have offered various explanations as to why states have failed, and possible solutions to stop and reverse state failure. Robert... ...n the recognized territory of a state (Sarkees and Wayman, 2010). For the war to be included in the data set it must involve sustained combat, involving organized armed forces, resulting in a minimum of 1,000 battle-relate d combatant fatalities within a twelve month period (Sarkees and Wayman, 2010). The UCDP/PRIO dataset requires a lesser threshold. The wars included in the internal armed conflict data set are those that occur between the government if a state and internal opposition groups without intervention from other states, resulting in at least 25 battle related deaths (Gleditsch, Wallensteen, Eriksson, Sollenberg, Strand, 2002). Using numeric research, I auspicate there will be a causal relationship between previously colonized states, and their present failure. I also predict there to be a causal relationship between failed states and civil conflict.

English – Japanese Dictionary

www. GetPedia. com *More than 150,000 articles in the search data dwelling house *Learn how almost e rattlingthing works slope? Nipponese (dictionn transmite) incline? Nipponese lexicon editions eBooksFrance www. ebooksfrance. com position? Japanese dictionary 1 position? Japanese (dictionn melodye) Adapted from http//www. freedict. com/dictionary/index. html face? Nipponese dictionary 2 position? Japanese (dictionn ventilatee) slope? Nipponese work forcetal lexicon 3 face? Japanese (dictionn descente) a ato A? bomb genshibakudan A? ombed hibaku A? D converter e? di? konba? ta? A? grade koushu A B kouotsu a (helping) hand ippi a (photo)copy kopi? a basin hachi a bath induceofuro a battle issen a beat ichijun a belle komachi a curing back nekoze a big deal taishita a big haul ichimoudajin a billionth of a second nanosekando a biography ichidaiki a birthstone tanjouseki a bit chitto, ichibuichirin, ichigou, chito a bite hitokuchi English? Japanese lexicon 4 English? Japanese (dictionn atmospheree) blast hitofuki a block consecrateal burokkusain a topographic point naore a blow ichida, hitoawa, ichigeki, hitouchi a boat ichii, ichiyou a body ichidan a bond issatsu a book issho a bother se appearanceaki a bout ikkai, issen, ichiban a bout (in sports torikumi, torikumi a bow (salute ichirei a bowl hachi a bowl (of rice) ichizen a bowl of rice ippan a boy ichinan a brace hitotsugai a brake bure? ki a branch (of flowers) ichida a breath hitoiki a breather ikitsugi English? Nipponese mental lexicon 5 English? Nipponese (dictionn sorte) respiration spell ikitsugi a broadside isseish yearski a Buddha hotokesama a bunch hitomatome, ichiwa, hitokurume a bundle issoku, hitokakae, hitokurume, ichiwa, hitotaba a burst of anger hitoare a capella akapera a regardless person occhokochoi a casting net toami a catch mizuage a cause ichiin a cavity utsuro a center senta? a century isseiki a certain shi karu a certain book ippon a certain aru a chain ichiren a change idou a channel channeru a character ichijinbutsu, ichiji English? Nipponese vocabulary 6 English? Nipponese (dictionnaire) charge ippatsu a charm majinai a check osae, chekku a child isshi a childs dice plucky sugoroku a c in to do asameshimae a clean sweep issou a close shuumatsu a clue tancho a cluster ichida a co? functional kyoudoukumiai a comic story (telling) rakugo a com human beingd ichimei a commercial koma? sharu a communist kyousanshugisha a company ittai a complainant sonin a nail down imbed isshiki a compound gouseibutsu a consent ichidaku a cooperative seikatsukyoudoukumiai English? Nipponese Dictionary 7 English? Nipponese (dictionnaire) copse hitomura a copy (of a photo) ichiyou a corner ichiguu, hitosumi a corpus luteum outai a council sanjikai, hyougiin a council (abbr) hyou a couple hitotsugai, kappuru a crease oreme a crease (i. e. in trousers) orime a cr iminal kyoujoumochi a cross juumonji a crowd hitomure, hitomura, ichigun a crown hachi a cry hitokoe a cup of ippai a current (of water) issui a curse noroi a cylinder kitou a daimyos main Tokyo mansion kamiyashiki a dance hitosashi a days journey ichinichiji English? japanese Dictionary 8 English? apanese (dictionnaire) a day or two ichiryoujitsu a degenerate henshitsusha a degree icchuu a denomination isshuu a design zuan a contumacious purpose ichinen a difference rakusa a dimple ekubo a direct unforked road ipponmichi a disadvantage (defect isshitsu a disgrace naore a dish (of food) hitosara a district ikku a diviner urayasan a document issatsu a dose ippuku a draft hitokuchi a draw (in competition) hikiwake a draw curtain hikimaku a dream ichimu a drink inryou, ippai English? japanese Dictionary 9 English? japanese (dictionnaire) drop issui, shitatari, itteki a drop (of water) hitoshizuku a drop in activity tenuki a drudge gariben a drying agent kansouzai a f each in price nesagari a family ichizoku, ikka, ikke a family get? together ikkadanran a popular book aidokusho a feast isseki a feint feinto a fellow yakara a hardly a(prenominal) ikutsuka a few days agone sakinohi, senjitsu a few lines ippitsu, hitofude a few intelligences ichigenhanku, ichigonhanku a few eld ago sakizaki, sennen a filler (i. e. time tsunagi a find horidashimono, moukemono a finger isshi a flash issen English? apanese Dictionary 10 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a fleeting thing ichimu a flock ichigun, hitomure a flower hitohana a potentiometer hachi a focus pinto a fold oreme, orime a Formosan taiwanjin a fort ichirui a fragment ikko a frame fure? mu a gain hitokasegi a gamble kake a game ichiban, issen, ikkai a gang ittai, ichidan a general isshou a generation ichidai, issei, isse, issei a glance ichimoku, ichibetsu, ichiran a glimpse ikken a cash quarter ryoo ichibukin a good citizen maningen a go od deal daibu English? apanese Dictionary 11 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a good time to recant hikidoki a gouge marunomi a grain hitotsubu a grasp hitotsukami a grind gariben a group hitokatamari, ichidan, ichigun, hitomure a guiding principle ipponyari a machine gunner houshu a gust of wind ichijin a guy who never gets the women onnifujiyuu a habit (often a bad habit kuse a hair ippatsu a hairs width ippatsu a half ippan a half? ear ikki a handful hitotsukami A Happy New Year gashou a growth saku a topic (of cattle) ittou a head (of water) rakusa a help tedasuke, ichijo English? japanese Dictionary 12 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a herd hitomure, hitomura, ichigun a hit meichuu, ichigeki a hollow utsuro a home ikka, ikke a horse load ichida a hot? empered person ikkokumono a house ikka, ikke, ikken a household ichizoku, ikka, ikke, ikko a extensive woman ooonna a hundred issoku, hitotaba a Japanese (an old word for) wajin a Japanese ra ke gendzume a job hitokasegi a joint tsunagime, hitofushi a kick hitokeri, isshuu a kidnapper yuukaihannin a kind tagui, isshu a la carte arakaruto a la mode aramo? do a lap isshuu a large serving oomori English? japanese Dictionary 13 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a laugh isshou a law ritsuryou, okite a leaf ichiyou a lean on ones ortgage teitouken a earn ichiji, karinotsukai, issho, karinofumi a level and inked string junjou a life ichimei a lifetime issei, issei, isse, isshou, isshougai a light akari a limb) shibireru a line ittou, ichigyou, hitosuki, issen, hitosuji a line (of mountains tentei, tentetsu a lineage ittou a link tsunagime, ikkan a little tashou, wazuka, usuusu, yaya, sukunai, nandaka a little (see chotto) chokkura a little covetousness shouyoku a little less than tarazu a little more imasukoshi a little short sundzumari a little too short suntarazu English? japanese Dictionary 14English? japanese (dictionnaire) a load ikka a log bridge ipponbashi a great? jointed bamboo madake a long knock against chouku a look manazashi, ichibetsu, ichiran, ikken, ichimoku a loop ru? pu a lot daibu, renchuu, ikkaku, zutto, takusan, hitokurume a lump ichigan, hitokatamari a lunge tsuki A major ichouchou a man of some importance ichijinbutsu a mannerism mannerizumu a mark megurushi a married man saitaisha a match torikumi, torikumi a matter ikken, ichijou a meal ippan a meaning ichigi a measure shaku a meddlesome person sewayaki a meditative pose omoiire English? apanese Dictionary 15 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a meeting yoriai a member ichiin a merit ittoku a method itte a miniature hinagata A minor itanchou a exquisite ikkoku, ippun a moan umeki a model gihyou a moment issetsuna, ikkoku, isshun, isshunkan, sunbyou a moment ago imagata a moment before imahodo a monologue hitorigoto a month or older tsukiokure a mood ippinisshou a motion dougi, mo? shon a mountain issan, hitoyam a a move (in game) itte a mummy miira a murder koroshi, tasatsu a must? see hikken English? japanese Dictionary 16 English? japanese (dictionnaire) must to buy kawandearu a nap hitoneiri, hitonemuri, issui a narrow strait ichiitaisui a narwhal ikkaku a negative inga a new era ichishinkingen a new method ichikijiku a new month conks tsukigawarfarei a nook hitosumi a novel ninjoubon a number of days hikazu, nissuu a one? act play hitomakumono a one? knife clipping ittoubori a one? shell meal ichijuuissai a one? stroke sketch hitofudegaki a one? track mind ippongi a one man show hitorishibai a page ichiyou a pair hitotsugai a pair (footwear) issoku a pair (of chopsticks) ichizen English? japanese Dictionary 17 English? japanese (dictionnaire) pair (of screens) issou a palanquin set with jewels tamanokoshi a pardon onsha a part ippan, ittan, ichibubun, ichiyoku a part to play hitoyaku a particular shikaru a union kyoudoukumiai a party ittou, ittai, k onpa, ichidan, ippa a party (of people) yakara a pass tsuki a passage in a discourse hitokusari a passing acquaintance ichimenshiki a patient kanja a pause hitoiki, ichidanraku, hitokiri a penny store ichimonakinai a period hitokiri a period (in astronomy) isshuuki a permit kyokasho a person ichiin a person given as a reference sankounin a person made homeless by fire ichiyakojiki English? japanese Dictionary 18 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a person who decides kimete a personal view ikkagen a phrase (verse ikku a piece ikko, ikko, ippen a piece of rope hitosujinawa a pile hitomori a pile (of something) issan a pinch pinchi a pinch (of something) hitotsumami a pity kinodoku, okinodoku a plain kouya a plan issaku, ichian, ikkei, mokuromi a plate hitosara a plot ichimotsu a poem isshu a point icchuu a poke ichigeki a pool mizutamari a posteriori koutenteki, aposuteriori a pot hachi a causality (math) bekijou, beki English? japanese Dictionary 19 English? japanese (dictionnaire) prim person sumashiya a principle ichiri, ichigi a priori sententeki, apuriori a private individual ichishijin, isshijin a private stamp ikkagen a private person ichikojin a program mokuromi a project mokuromi a puddle mizutamari a puff ippuku a acquire kaitori a pursuer otte a pursuing party otte a quality bingoomote a quarter ikki, ippou a quick lunch ichizenmeshiya a quick correct seikyuu a quick wit kiten a quiet (natural) setting yuushu a quire (of paper) ichijou a quotation inyoubun, ichijou English? japanese Dictionary 20 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a ray (of hope) ichidou a reactionary handouka a ream (of paper) ichiren a reason ichigi, ichiri a region ittai a rejection isshuu, hitokeri a replacement kawari a rest hitoyasumi a retaken photograph torinaoshi a retort isshi a revolution isshuu a riot ikki a roar ikkatsu a round ichijun, ippatsu, hitomeguri, ikkai, hitomawari a row ichiretsu, ichigyou a hood akutare a rule shaku a run hitoppashiri, hitohashiri a run? batted? in hit (baseb either) taimuri? itto a sale (transaction) kaitori a salver ichijou English? japanese Dictionary 21 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a scale shaku a scene hitokoma a scene of carnage (bloodshed) shuurajou a scheme mokuromi a school ippa a seize on tokudane a screen tsuitate a scroll ippuku a seal affixed to a document shouin a sealed document ippuu a sealed earn ippuu a second sekando a secret naishougoto a sect ippa, isshuu a semimonthly hangekkan a senior jouchou, nenchousha a grit of humor yu? moanokankaku a sentence ichibun a series ichiren a serious affair ichidaiji a set hitosoroe, hitosoroi English? japanese Dictionary 22English? japanese (dictionnaire) a set (of people) yakara a set of boxes hitokasane a sexual orgy (X) rankoupa? ti? a sharp (music) ei a shed uwaya a shock hitoawa a shop ten, shoppu a short period icchou a short sleep hitonemuri, i ssui a short story issekiwa a short time ichinichihenji, chotto a shout hitokoe a respire tameiki a silver quarter ryoo ichibugin a simple meal ichijuuissai a iodine? family lineage ikkei a single crop ichimousaku a single letter itteiji a single person hitorimono a single seater ichininnori a single brookard ippondate English? japanese Dictionary 23 English? japanese (dictionnaire) single stroke ittou a single word hitokoto, ichigen a sip hitokuchi a sitting isseki a slap in the face binta a sleep hitonemuri a slice ippen, hitokire a slight naigashiro a slight effort ikkyoshuittousoku a slump nakadarumi a slut darashinai a sm exclusively sum isshihansen a fistful namakajiri, katakoto a smile isshou a smile or a frown ippinisshou a smoke ippuku a social konpa a soliloquy hitorigoto a anchorite cryptomeria tree ipponsugi a solo dokusou a span ichiyubiatari English? japanese Dictionary 24 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a species isshu a limite d medicine tokkouyaku a speech isseki a spin hitoppashiri, hitohashiri a spot (glimpse ippan a spy kanchou, kanja a squad ittai a squ every last(predicate) hitoare a nose sashikizu, tsuki a stammer domori a stamp inshi a statute ritsuryou a step hitoashi, ho, ippo, hitokiri a step forward ippozenshin a stop kugiri a stopgap measure tsunagi a straight road hitosujimichi a streak ichijou a stride ho a string isshi a stroke ichida, hitouchi English? japanese Dictionary 25 English? japanese (dictionnaire) stroke of the pen hitofude a stuffed living organism hakusei a stutter domori a suit hitokasane, hitosoroe, hitosoroi a suitor sonin a sum of money nari a summary ichiran a sword (blade) ittou a talk danwa a task hitoshigoto a tea cloth chakin a term ikki a thing ichimotsu, ichibutsu a thought ikkou a thread (of connection) ichimyaku a thrust tsuki a time ikkai, ichiji a tinge ichimi a tool kenzan a top koma a topknot (hair style) chonmage E nglish? japanese Dictionary 26 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a touch ichimi a touch of ichimatsu a tray ichijou a play ichigou a trivial matter (id) asameshimae a troupe ichiza, ichidan a trust kigyougoudou a tune hitofushi a tune (melody ikkyoku a subroutine hitomawari, itten, hitomeguri a turn (i. e. at bat) kawari a turning point ichitenki, ittenki a twin futago a variety isshu a vein ichimyaku a verse (e. g. n the Bible) issetsu a very little bit choppiri a very shy person hanikamiya, tereya a virtue ittoku a voice hitokoe a vote ippyou English? japanese Dictionary 27 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a wake tsuya a ward ikku a waste basket kuzukago a wastepaper basket kuzukago a watch stand bandai a watchers seat bandai a way itto a weak point (to aim at) tsukeme a wee bit choppiri a week isshuu a metric weight unit osae a wheel ichirin a while chotto a whirl of hair on the head tsumuji a whole day and night icchuuya a word ichigon, ich igonhanku, hitokoto, ichigenhanku a word (opinion ichigi a word of great value ichijisenkin a word or two hitokotofutakoto a work saku a written report koujougaki English? apanese Dictionary 28 English? japanese (dictionnaire) a year or two ichiryounen a zone ittai A. D. kigen A. M. gozen AA size (battery) tansangata Aah yare aardvark (Orycteropus) tsuchibuta abacus soroban abalone awabi cast off haiki, mikiri abandoned (stray) cat suteneko abandoned child kiji, sutego, sutego abandoned mine haikou abandoning kikyaku abandoning (hope dannen abandonment kien, jibou, jiki, iki, houki, iki abandonment (rights ifu abasement shittsui abatement gengaku, genka, keigen, shikkou abatis sakamogi abattoir tosatsujou, chikusatsuba English? japanese Dictionary 29 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bbe shinpu abbey daishuudouin, shuudouin abbot daishuudouinchou, shuudouinchou, shuuinchou abbr rassharu abbreviated form tanshukukei abbreviation ryakuji, shouhitsu, ry akushou, ryakugo, ryaku ABC kouotsuhei ABCs of.. shoho abcess dekimono abdication taii abdomen shitabara, fukubu, shitappara, shitahara, kafuku abdominal muscle? support belt chikaraobi abdominal chills hiebara abdominal swelling shimobukure abducted sarawareta abduction kouin, yuukai, rachisuru, yuukaihan Abelian group (math) kakangun ABEND (ABnormal END) ijoushuuryou aberration shuusa abet sendou abetting sendou English? japanese Dictionary 30 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bhor daikirai ability udemae, shuwan, giryou, ginou, seinou, saiwan ability to wake up neoki Abilympics abirinpikku abject hikutsu abjuration sensei ablation setsujo ablation shield (rocket) yuujo ablative (gram) dakkaku ablative shield (rocket) youhatsu able yuui able? bodied (an) ganken able man hatarakide, dekimono, dekibutsu able men left out of office iken able official nouri able person hatarakite ABM dandoudangeigekimisairu abnegation kinyoku abnormal hentaiteki, nami hazure, abuno? maru abnormal (an) byouteki abnormal mentality hentaishinri English? japanese Dictionary 31 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bnormal psychology hentaishinrigaku abnormal sexuality hentaiseiyoku abnormal underarm odor wakiga abnormality kikei, hentai, ijou, hentai, ijou aboard a warship kanjou ingleside of demons fukumaden abolish daha abolition haishi abolition and amalgamation haigou abolitionist zenpa crusadesha abominable imawashii, nikui abominable snowman yukiotoko, yajin aboriginal banjin, genjuumin aboriginal (a? no) dochaku aborigine aborijini? aborigines genmin, dojin, senjuuminzoku aborigines village bansha abort abo? to aborticide datai spontaneous abortion jinkouryuuzan, chuuzetsu, datai, ryuuzan abortionist dataii English? japanese Dictionary 32 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bortive (attempt fuseikou ineffectual birth ryuuzan abortive scheme torou roughly sokosoko, yaku, ooyoso, tsuite, abauto, oyoso, kei about? face maw aremigi, ippen about (suf goro about 10 p. m. itsuya, otsuya about an hour hantoki about medium chuukurai, chuugurai about noon hirugoro about the middle nakagoro about the middle (of an era) chuuyou about this time imajibun, imagoro about to start out degake about what time itsujibun about when itsugoro above ue, zenki, chokujou above? mentioned zenjutsu, zenki above? named (a? no) zenkei above both kotoni, nakandzuku, wakete, toriwake above average shunbatsu English? japanese Dictionary 33 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bove ground chijou above mentioned joujutsu above mentioned (a? no) jouki above the average namihazure above the ceiling tenjouura above the clouds unjou Abraham aburahamu abrasion mamou, mametsu, surikizu, sakkashou abreast heiretsu, heikou abridged translation shouyaku condensate shouryaku abroad zaigai, kaigai abrupt niwaka, fui abrupt (an) sotsuji, toutotsu abrupt (awkward) question tsukanukoto abruptly totsuzen, gazen, ikina ri, hyouzen abscess nouyou abscissa yokojiku, ouzahyou, ousen abscondence shissou, shisseki, shuppon, chikuden absconder shupponsha absconding with money kaitai English? japanese Dictionary 34 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bseilen (G) apuzairen absence rusu, fuzai, kesseki, fusan absence (from work) kekkin absence from home tagyou absence from school kekka absent? minded bonyari absent? minded person awatemono absent? mindedly bouzen absent? mindedness soushin, uwanosora absentee landlord fuzaijinushi absentee voting fuzaitouhyou absentmindedness houshin absinthe abusan impregnable (an) zettai absolute reality shinnyo absolute safety juuzen absolute secrecy gokuhi absolute value zettaichi absolute zero (temp. ) reido absolutely danjite, makotoni, danzen, tadatada absolutely every little bit katappashikara English? japanese Dictionary 35 English? japanese (dictionnaire) absolutely not tonda absoluteness zettai absolutism abusorixyu? tizumu absolutism (phil. zettairon absorbent cotton dasshimen absorption sanmai, douka, sesshu, kyuuin, senshin, kyuushuu absorption (in something) kyuukyuu quit from voting kiken abstention fukanshou, fusanka abstinence imi, kinshu, setsuyoku, kinyoku abstinence syndrome kindanshoujou abstract chuushouteki, chuushutsu, mukei abstract (an) chuushou abstract (of a paper) abusutorakuto abstract art chuushoubijutsu abstract number fumeisuu abstraction shashou, abusutorakushon abstruseness inbi pathetic bakabakashii, okogamashii, mucha, tawainai, meppou absurd fear kiyuu absurdity okonosata, koutoumukei, fujouri, fudouri English? japanese Dictionary 36 English? japanese (dictionnaire) bsurdly muyamini abundance juuitsu, gyousan abundance (an) yokei, houfu abundant fundan abundant (an) yutaka abundant harvest housaku, houjuku abundantly obitadashii abuse goyou, reiba, ranyou, batou, hibou, akuhei, akkou abusive kuchisaganai, kuchigitanai abusive language bougen, nikumareguch i, dokuzetsu, akutai abusive remarks bouhyou, mouhyou abutment kadai abyss shinen, fuchi acacia akashia academia akademi? academic akademikku academic background gakureki academic centre gakufu academic talk kijounokuuron academic meeting gakkai academic or scientific world gakkai English? japanese Dictionary 37 English? japanese (dictionnaire) academician akademishan academicism akademishizumu academicism akademizumu academy akademi? , kanrinin, gakuin, gakuen Acala fudoumyouou Acalanatha Vidya? aja fudoumyouou accelerando achererando accelerant sokushinzai accelerated motion kasokuundou acceleration sokushin, koushin, ruika, kasoku, kasokudo accelerator akuserere? ta? accelerator (abbr) akuseru accent gochou, kyouon, akusento, yokuyou accent (of ones speech) namari accept akuseputo acceptance shouin, shinnin, ukeire, judaku, juri, shouchi acceptance (of truths) shinju accepting a ch tout ensembleenge ousen accepting bribes shuuwai accepting orders j uchuu access akusesu English? japanese Dictionary 38 English? japanese (dictionnaire) access time akusesutaimu access to courts shusso accessing akusesshingu accession shoukei, keishou accessoiriste akusesowarisuto accessories buhin, komono attach-on tsukimono, tsukatari, futai, akusesari? fuzokuhin accessory case komonoire accessory offense futaihan accident henji, jiko, saika, yakusai, kashitsu, saiyaku accident insurance shougaihoken accidental fuki, guuhatsu, furyo, fusoku, guuhatsuteki accidental death henshi accidental fire shikka accidental gun tucker out bouhatsu accidental resemblance sorani, taninnosorani accident every(prenominal) toldy hyotto, tamatama, futo accidents in line of duty koumusaigai acclamation kassai, kanko acclimate junka accommodation shuuyounouryoku, bengi, wakai, yuudzuu, tekiou English? japanese Dictionary 39 English? japanese (dictionnaire) accommodations shuuyousetsubi accommodator akomode? ta? ccomodation shuuyou accompan iment bansoubu, tsukimono, ainote, hayashi, aikata accompaniment (musical) bansou accompany douhan accompanying tomo, doukou, gubu, doudou accomplice katansha, dourui, kyouhansha, kyoubousha, ai, guru accomplices ichirui accomplish mattou accomplished bakuga accomplished lady keishuu accomplished villain kyouyuu accomplishment kantetsu, kansui, suikou accomplishments gigei, geinou, gigei associate ako? do, kyoushin according to yoreba, yoruto according to circumstances rinkiouhen accordingly yotte, sokode accordion ako? dion, tefuukin accordion door ako? diondoa English? japanese Dictionary 40 English? japanese (dictionnaire) accordion pleats ako? dionpuri? tsu cipher kaikei, kiji, tsukedashi, akaunto account (e. g. bank) kouza account book choumen, choubo, daichou account of a (sports) game kansenki accountability akauntabiriti? ccountancy kaikeigaku accountant shukei, kanjougakari, kaikeikan, kaikei accountant (certified public) kaikeishi accounting k eiri, akauntingu accounts payable kaikakekin accounts receivable urikakekin, mishuunyuukin accounts) kuchisuu, kuchikazu accoutrements busougu accrued mishuu accrued expenses miharaihiyou amass chikuseki accumulation shuuseki, chikuseki, shuushuu, ruiseki accumulator akyu? mure? ta, akyumure? ta? , akyumure? ta accuracy seido accurate kuwashii, tekikaku, chimitsu English? japanese Dictionary 41 English? japanese (dictionnaire) accurate (an) seikaku accurately seiseito, seisei, kichinto anathemize (a? o) bachiatari accusation kokuso, kouso, dangai accusative case (gram) taikaku accused hikokunin accuser genkoku ace e? su ace (tennis) sa? bisue? su acetate asete? to acetic sulfurous sakusan acetone aseton acetylcholine asechirukorin acetylene asechiren ache itami, itami transaction kougyou, jiseki, tegara, gyouseki, tassei achievement test achi? bumentotesuto, achi? bu achievements jisseki, kouseki achiever of Nirvana rakan Achilles tendon akiresuke n achoo hakushon English? japanese Dictionary 42 English? japanese (dictionnaire) achromatic mushoku achromatic lens akuromachikkurenzu achromatism irokeshi acid sui, suppai, san acid poisoning sanchuudoku acidity sando, sansei, sanmi acidosis ashido? hisu acknowledge shinnin, juryou acknowledge (ACK) kouteioutou acknowledgement shounin, ninchi, ryoushou, ryouto, kokuhaku acknowledgment reijou, nintei acknowledgment (self? ) jinin acme kiwami acne fukidemono, nikibi acolyte jisou, jisai acorn donguri acoustic ako? sutikku, aku? sutikku acoustic guitar ako? sutikkugita? acoustic sound ako? sutikkusaundo acoustic(s) onkyou acquaintance kaonajimi, chikadzu, gozonji, shiriai, soushiki English? japanese Dictionary 43 English? japanese (dictionnaire) acquiesce mokujuu acquiescence shoudaku acquisition kakutoku, shutoku, shuutoku acquittal shakuhou, menzai, houmen, menso acre e? ka? creage tanbetsu acrimonious shinratsu acrobat akurobatto, kyokugeishi acrobati c akurobachikku acrobatic feats kyokugi acrobatics kyokugei, karuwaza acronym ryakugo acrophobia koushokyoufushou acropolis akuroporisu acrylic akuriru acrylic acid akurirusan acrylonitrile akurironitoriru act koui, shiwaza, waza, okonai, shoi, okonai, sakui act (in play) tobari diddle (law the X Act) hou act for another daiben English? japanese Dictionary 44 English? japanese (dictionnaire) act of barbarity bankou act of God fukakouryoku act of grace onten act of mercy hitodasuke act of violence boukou act on mutual agreement shouchidzuku Act properly iikagennishinasai acting shigusa, engi acting as agent daikou acting as go? etween kuchiire acting blindly moudou, boudou acting chairman karigichou acting consul dairiryouji acting theatre director jimutoriatsukai acting impolitely shikkei acting in concert koou acting official dainin acting president karigichou acting smart kuchihabattai actinic rays kagakusen Actinidia polygama matatabi English? japanese Dictionary 45 English? japanese (dictionnaire) actinium (Ac) akuchiniumu action shigusa, akushon, dousa, okonai, okonai, shiuchi action bar akushonba? action before words fugenjikkou action committee jikkouiin action gambling akushondorama action integral (physics) sayousekibun action picture katsugeki action program akushonpuroguramu action star akushonsuta? action) (a? o) fuseikou actions fugyou activated charcoal kasseitan activation akutibe? shon diligent noudouteki, kappatsu, akutibu, noudou, kassei active (an) akutivu active refutation akuchibudifensu active duty geneki active homing akutibuho? mingu active immunity noudoumeneki active member seiin English? japanese Dictionary 46 English? japanese (dictionnaire) active service geneki active solar house akutibuso? ra? hausu active sportswear akutibusupo? tsuuea active voice noudoutai active volcano kakkazan activist katsudousha, undouka activity akutibiti, kakkyou, honsou, binsoku, hiyak u, ugoki instrument shu, yuu, danyuu, rei, haiyuu, akuta? hai, shou actor in a love scene nimaime actress haiyuu, joyuu, yakusha, akutoresu Acts of the Apostles shitogyouden essential akuchuaru echt circumstances jitsujou actual condition jissai actual demand jitsuju actual expense jippi actual measurements jissoku actual place genchi actual proof jisshou actual results jisseki actual size gensun, gensundai English? japanese Dictionary 47 English? japanese (dictionnaire) actual spot genba actual time akuchuarutaimu actual work shuurou, kadou actual work hours jitsudoujikan actuality akuchuariti? actu tot every last(predicate)yy genni, shinni acupuncture hari, shinji, shinjutsu acupuncture and moxibustion shinkyuu acute senei, setsu, setsujitsu, tsuusetsu acute (e. g. illness) kyuusei acute angle eikaku acutely hishihishi acuteness seppaku ad ado ad? b whollyoon adobaru? n ad? hocracy adohokurashi? ad campaign adokyanpe? AD converter anarogudejitaru henkanki ad hoc adohokku ad impact adoinpakuto ad lib adoribu English? japanese Dictionary 48 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ad man adoman adagio ada? jo Adam adamu adamantine kongou adaptability yuudzuu, entenkatsudatsu, hentsuu adaptable tekigou interpretation sokuou, douka, junnou, tekiou, engi adaptation (of story honan adaptation (of story) kaisaku adapter adaputa? , adaputa adaptive adaputivu add kasan add? on adoon add? on module adoonmoju? ru add? on telephone adoondenwa add (something) tsukekuwae add to fukai add up sekisan add water kasui adder (spoken) tashizanki adder (written) kasanki English? japanese Dictionary 49 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ddiction jouyouheki adding konnyuu adding extra ingredients (med) kayaku adding more tea kuchija adding to ones years karei adding to the top uwamori adding up yosezan, gassan adding years kanen addition kazou, kuwaezan, kasan, tsukatari, yosezan, ka addition agent tenkazai addition and su btraction kagen addition to a building zouchiku extra fees tsuikaryoukin additional gain yoroku additional income fukushuunyuu additional post kenkin, kenkan, kenmu additional printing juuhan, zousatsu additional profits yotoku additional ration kahai additional rules fusoku additional task fukazei English? japanese Dictionary 50 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dditional volume bessatsu addition exclusivelyy jizengo additive tenkabutsu address uwagaki, atena, ikisaki, juukyo, atesaki, kouen address (e. g. of house) juusho address (on letter) katagaki address (present) genjuusho address book juushoroku address to students kunji addressed to (suf) ate addressing adoresshingu adductor muscle kaibashira Adelaide adere? do adenoid adenoido, senyou adenoids hanatake, bijou Adenovirus adenouirusu adept sasuga adequacy tekitou, gaisetsu adequate tekisetsu adherence koshuu, koshitsu adherence (to custom bokushu English? japanese Dictionary 51 English? japa nese (dictionnaire) dherence to koudei adherence to the shogunate sabaku adherent teishi, shinto, aryuu, kyouto, shinja, shinpousha adhesion gyouchakuryoku, shuujaku, yuchaku, kouchaku adhesive secchakuzai adhesive mechanical tint sukuri? nto? n adhesive plaster bansoukou adhesive power nenchakuryoku adiabatic (an) dannetsuteki Adidas (brand name) adidasu contiguous kinsetsu, rinsetsu adjacent seas kinkai adjacent units rinsetsubutai adjectival noun keiyoudoushi adjoin rinsetsu, kinsetsu adjournment teikai, kyuukai, sankai, enki adjudication handan adjunct) words fuzokugo adjust ajasuto adjustment denaoshi, chousei, seibi, shuusei, anbai, seigou adjutant fukukan, fukkan English? japanese Dictionary 52 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dmeasure sairyou admin adomin administer atsu administration keisei, kirimori, unei, seifu, shisei, keiei Administration gyouseifu administration gyousei administration bureau kanrikyoku administration of justice shihou, sh ouri administrative official jimukan, gyouseikan administrative reform gyouseikaikaku administrative reform (abbr) gyoukaku admirable yukashii, appare admirable (an) shushou admiral shoukan, daishou, taishou, teitoku admiral (fleet) gensui admiration kantan, kantan, suuhai, eitan, keitou, sanka admiration devotion shinpuku admiration (arch. kanpuku admiration (vs kanshin admiration of the powerful jidaishisou admire miageru English? japanese Dictionary 53 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dmirer hikute, aidokusha admission hennyuu, jinin, nyuusho, kanyuu, nyuukai, nyuujou admission? paid yuuryou admission fee bouchouryou, kanyuukin, nyuujouryou, nyuukaikin admission free bouchoumuryou, bouchouzuii Admission Free adomisshonfuri? admission gate nyuujoumon admission tax nyuujouzei admission ticket bouchouken admission to the courtroom nyuutei admittance adomitansu admitting shouchi admitting defeat icchuuwoyusuru admixture kyouzatsubutsu admonishment kyoukai admonition keikai, sekkan, kaikoku, kunkai ado honeori adobe ado? bi, tenjitsugawara adolescent seishun Adonis adonisu take on saiyou English? japanese Dictionary 54 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dopted child youshi adopted daughter youjo adopted parents karioya adopted son? in? law musumemuko betrothal shuuyou, sesshu, saitaku, youshiengumi adoption (e. g. motion kaketsu adoption or rejection saihi adoptive father youfu adoptive mother youbo adoration aibo, reihai, suuhai, raihai, sanbi, shinsui adoring shishuku ADP jidoude? tashori adrenal glands fukujin adrenalin adorenarin adroit josainai take up kyuuchaku adsorption kyuuchaku adulation neiben, bennei prominent ichininmae, teinensha, seijin, otona, adaruto Adults Day (Jan 15) seijinnohi adult? like otonappoi English? japanese Dictionary 55 English? japanese (dictionnaire) adult age seinen adult education adarutoedyuke? hon adult shop adarutoshoppu adulteration konnyuu, mazemono, fujun adulte rer maotoko, uwakimono, kanpu adulteress kanpu adultery fugi, maotoko, furin, mittsuu, kongaiseikou adulthood teinen near joutatsu, shinkou, joutou, shinshutsu, shingeki advance retreat isshinittai advance (abbr) bansu advance (in pay) maegari advance base zenshinkichi advance delivery maewatashi advance for manuscript kouryou advance guard zenei, senjin, senpou advance income agari advance notice yokoku advance or retreat shintai advance party senpatsu, senpatsutai advance payment maekin, yonou, maewatashi, sakigane, zennou English? japanese Dictionary 56 English? japanese (dictionnaire) dvance payments maewatashikin advance sale sakiuri, maeuri advance troops senkenbutai, zenshinbutai advance(d) adobansu innovational koudo, koushou, adobansudo advanced (developed) country senshinkoku advanced (old) age kourei advanced age rourei advanced level joukyuu advanced maturity koudoseichou advanced nations senshinkoku advancement shoukyuu, eitatsu, eishin, k oujou locomote and retreating shusshoshintai advancing part of a salary uchigashi advancing to the first grade nyuumaku advancing together heishin advantage myouri, adobante? ji, eki, yaku, riten, ri, bengi advantage disadvantage sontoku advantage and disadvantage soneki advantage rule adobante? jiru? ru advantageous yuuri English? japanese Dictionary 57 English? japanese (dictionnaire) advantageous (an) yuuri advantages and disadvantages rigai, ichiriichigai advent rairin, kourin Adventists sairinha adventure adobencha? , bouken, abanchu? u adventure story boukenshousetsu adventurer boukensha, yamashi adverb fukushi adversary hantaisha adverse gyakkou adverse pullulate? market factors akuzairyou adverse tide gyakuryuu adverse wind gyakufuu adversity gyakkyou, shitsui advertisement ado, adobataizumento, koukoku advertisement for a wife kyuusaikoukoku advertising adobataijingu advertising agency koukokusha advertising sign koukokutou advertising sponsor koukokunushi advice jogon, susume, jogen, kankoku, chuukoku, keikoku English? japanese Dictionary 58 English? japanese (dictionnaire) advisability kahi advise kan adviser kankokusha, adobaiza? , jogensha, komon, jogonsha advisor adovaiza? dvisory organ shimonkikan advocacy teishou, daigen, bengo, kosui, shoudou, shushou advocacy of war shusen advocate daigensha, ronsha, shuchousha, teishousha, hyoubou Adzuki bean mochi botamochi aerial kakuu aerial tram ro? puuei aerial wiring kasen aerobic dancing earobikkudanshingu aerobicise earobisaizu aerobics earobikusu aerodynamics earodainamikkusu Aeroflot aerofuro? to aerogram e? roguramu, eroguramu, earoguramu aerogramme koukuushokan planer hikouki aerosol earozoru, eazo? ru English? japanese Dictionary 59 English? japanese (dictionnaire) aesthetic esutetikku aesthetic appreciation shinbi aesthetic aversion itekikeno aesthetic sense shinbigan aesthetic sentiment gakai aestheticism shinbishugi aestivation nemu i affable hitonatsukkoi, aisonoii, hitonatsukoi, onga affair kyoku, gi, afea, sata, shiromono, kotogara, jiken affairs jibutsu, gyoumu affairs after(prenominal)(prenominal) ones death kouji affairs of state kokumu affect sawaru affectation kidori, tsukeyakiba, genki, kazarike, shouki affectation (an) kiza unnatural fushizen affected look tsukurigao affected part kanbu affected region kyokubu affected smile esewarai affection onjou, aijou, aijaku, jiai, seikou, jouai English? japanese Dictionary 60 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ffectionate yasashii, yasa affectionate elder brother jikei affectionate father jifu, jibo affectionate woman yasaona affections renai affidavit koukyousho, koujutsusho, kyoujutsusho, kuchigaki affiliate boukei, kanyuusha affiliated doukei, fuzoku affiliated companies shimaigaisha affiliated company kankeigaisha affiliated line douzokukaisha affiliated with sanka affiliation kamei affinity yuen, shinwasei, enko, inseki, aisho u, shinkinkan affirmation koutei, kakunin, dangen affirmative kouteiteki affix fu affixing a seal kahan affixing ones seal ouin afflatus reikan affliction kannan, nangi, kunou, risai English? japanese Dictionary 61English? japanese (dictionnaire) affluence yuufuku, yutori afflux ryuunyuu afforestation shokurin affray ranzatsu affricative sound (ling) hasatsuon Afghanistan afuganisutan aflatoxin afuratokishin afore? mentioned zenjutsu aforesaid (a? no) zenki aforethought yobou Africa afurika African daisy ga? bera Afrikaans afurika? nsu Afrikaner afuka? na Afro afuro Afro? Cuban oscillation afurokyu? banrizumu Afro? hair afurohea after sugi, afuta? after? jigo after? dinner speech takujou after? effect kouishou, yoha English? japanese Dictionary 62 English? japanese (dictionnaire) after? recording afuta? reko? dingu after? have lotion afuta? she? buro? shon after? ski afuta? suki? after (a? no) ato after (sales) service afuta? sa? bisu after (taking) a bath (a? no) yuagari after a long time (id) hisashiburi after a meal shokugo after on the whole sarani, senjitsumeruto, kekkyoku, yousuruni, douse after childbirth sango after death botsugo, botsugo, shigo after dinner yuushokugo after outset sotsugyougo after noon hirusugi after ones death nakiato after one out (in Baseb wholly) isshigo after recording (abbr) afureko after school houkago after tax tedori after that sonogo, sorekara after the rain ameagari English? japanese Dictionary 63English? japanese (dictionnaire) after the war sensougo after this korekara, igo after two outs nishigo afterbirth taiban, atozan, orimono, seigo afterbrain enzui aftercare afuta? kea aftereffects yojin, yogo afterglow zankou, yokou afterimage zanzou hereafter goshou aftermath nibankari afternoon gogo, afutanu? n, gogo, hirusugi afternoon dress afutanu? ndoresu afternoon refreshment oyatsu afternoon session (market) goba afternoon shadow afutanu? nshado? afterqua ke yurikaeshi aftershock yoshin, yurikaeshi aftertaste atoaji afterward sonogo afterwards atode, nochihodo English? japanese Dictionary 64 English? apanese (dictionnaire) afterword atogaki afterwords (a? no) nochi again mou, sai, aratamete, matashitemo, kotoatarashiku again (and again) matamata again and again nidosando, saisan, shibashiba against agensuto, tai against ones will muriyari against wind agensutouindo agape akape? agar? agar tengusa, kanten agate shippou, menou agave (cactus? like plant) ryuuzetsuran age toshigoro, nendai, e? ji, jurei, nenrei, ichidai age? group e? jiguru? pu age (of a young lady) houki age (ones) yowai age 15 shigaku age 16 (girl) haka age 20 teinen age 30 jiritsu age 40 shorou English? japanese Dictionary 65 English? apanese (dictionnaire) age 50 chimei age 60 jijun age 64 (man) haka age difference nenreisa age fifty isoji age limit teinen age of a tree jurei age of decadence mappou age of puberty toshigoro age of t he lunar month getsurei age relationship toshimawari age seventy nanasoji, koki age shooter e? jishu? ta? age sixty musoji age thirty misoji aged furui aged 20 jakkan aged 61 kakou ageing e? jingu ageism e? jizumu agency e? jenshi? , toritsugi, chuukai, dairiten, nakadachi English? japanese Dictionary 66 English? japanese (dictionnaire) schedule kyougijikou, gidai, kaigijikou, nittei agent dairigyousha, dairinin, e? ento, shuusennin, douin agents charge assenryou ages hitomukashi agglutination kouchaku, yuugou agglutinative language kouchakugo aggravation juudaika, kachou, kajuu, gekika, akka aggregate shuukei aggregate make out souryou aggregation shuusei aggression shinryaku, kousei, shinnyuu, sanshoku aggressive aguresshibu, shinryakuteki aggressive situation koushisei aggressive war shinryakusensou aggressor shinryakusha aggressor nation shinryakukoku agile binshou, subayai agility binsoku aging shorou, fuke, e? jingu agism e? jizumu agitate kakuhan, aoru English? japanese Dictionary 67 English? japanese (dictionnaire) gitation ajite? shon, sendou, sendou, kakuhan, douran agitation (abbr) aji agitation bill (abbr) ajibira agitation for expulsion haisekiundou agitator ajite? ta? agnate fukei AgNO3 (abbr) shousangin agnostic fukachiteki agnosticism fukachiron ago izenni, izen ago (suf) zen agonist kyougisha agonizing kutou agony nayami, junan, hanmon, kutsuu, kunou agony of separation riku agoraphobia agorafobia agree with douchou agreeable kokoroyoi, aisonoii, kaiteki agreed ikketsu agreement icchi, gitei, kyouteian, shoudaku, nattoku, gacchi agreement of minds uraawase English? japanese Dictionary 68 English? japanese (dictionnaire) greement of wills ishinosotsuu agribusiness aguribijinesu untaught nora agricultural chemicals nouyaku agricultural community nouson agricultural cooperative noukyou agricultural land nouchi agricultural produce nousanbutsu agricultural products nousan agricult ural soldiers tondenhei agricultural species saibaishu agriculture nougyou, agurikarucha? , noukou, nou, nougaku agriculture industry noukou agriculture and forestry nourin agrippa sakago ague okan ah ara Ah aa, yare ahead maeni, sakini, aheddo, osakini ahead of time hayameni AI jinkouchinou English? japanese Dictionary 69 English? japanese (dictionnaire) aid kyuujo, sewa, hosa, fujo, shien, kyuugo, kyuusai aide fukukan, fukkan aide? de? amp fukkan, fukukan aiding josei AIDS eizu aikido aikidou aikido practitioner aikidouka Aikido rear defence (MA) ushirowaza Aikido seated defence (MA) suwariwaza aikido world association aikikai disease shikkan aim shikou, mokuteki, shui, kokorogake, ate, kentou aim at mokushi aim of attack hokosaki aimed at foreigners gaijinmuki aimless manzen, atenonai aimless wandering urouro aimlessly burabura, hyouzen, dokotomonaku Ainu ezo, ainu, ebisu air tei, kuuki, ea, fuzei, kuuchuu, ea? , tenkuu air? conditioned reiboukan bi English? japanese Dictionary 70 English? japanese (dictionnaire) air? conditioned car reibousha air? conditioning reibousouchi, reibou air? cooled (a? no) kuureishiki air? cooling apparatus reibousouchi air? to? air (a? no) kuutaikuu air? to? surface (a? no) kuutaichi air? to? urface missile kuutaichimisairu air bag eabaggu air battle kuuchuusen air brake eabure? ki air breathing engine eaburi? jinguenjin air cargo eaka? go air check eachekku air cleaner eakuri? na? air commodore shoushou air compressor eakonpuressa? air conditioner eakon, eakondishona? air conditioning kuukichousei, eakon, eakondishoningu air conditioning (abbr) kuuchou air cooling kuurei air curtain eaka? ten English? japanese Dictionary 71 English? japanese (dictionnaire) air cushion eakusshon air defense boukuu air defense artillery boukuuhou air dome eado? mu air door eadoa air drop kuuchuutouka air duct kidou breed Force kuugun air force eafo? su Air France e? rufuransu air g irl eaga? u air gun eagan air hole kazeana, kazaana, kuukikou air hostess eahosutesu air lane kuuro air letter koukuushokan air liaison officer kuugunrenrakushoukou air mail koukuubin, eame? ru air mass kidan air mobile kuuchuukidou air pad eapaddo English? japanese Dictionary 72 English? japanese (dictionnaire) air pageant eape? jento air people eapi? puru air pocket eapoketto, kuukikou, shinkuutai air pollution taikiosen air pot eapotto air pump eaponpu air raid kuushuu air rifle earaifuru air right earaito air service easa? bisu air shoot eashu? to air shuttle eashatoru air sick eashikku air blast koukuukougeki air superiority koukuuyuusei air terminal eata? minaru air ticket koukuuken air towel eataoru air transport kuuyu airborne kuutei, eabo? airborne troops kuuteibutai English? japanese Dictionary 73 English? japanese (dictionnaire) airbrush eaburashi Airbus eabasu aircraft koukuuki aircraft carrier koukuubokan aircraft) unkou airhead a? pa? , ahondara airily hyouhyou airing of books bakusho airline koukuugaisha, earain airport hikoujou, eapo? to, kuukou airport tax eapo? totakkusu dirigible hikousen airsick bag eashikkubaggu airunwellness eashikkunesu airspace kuukan airspace management kuuikikanri airtight kimitsu, mippei airtight chamber kimitsushitsu airway eauxe? airy fuwafuwa Akasagarbha (bodhisattva) kokuuzou English? japanese Dictionary 74 English? apanese (dictionnaire) Akasaka Prince Hotel (abbr) akapuri akin doukei Akutagawa Ryuunosuke (auth) akutagawaryuunosuke Alabama arabama alacrity binkatsu alarm keiteki, keihou, ara? mu, hijoushingou alarm? clock mezamashidokei, mezamashi alarm bell keishou alarm clock mezamashitokei alarming yuyushii alas atara, attara alas sai, kana Alas aa Alaska arasuka albatross arubatorosu, shintenou, ahoudori Alberta aruba? ta albino arubino, hakukakotai albino fox shirogitsune Albireo (aka Beta Cygni) arubireo album arubamu albumin arubu min, ranpaku English? japanese Dictionary 75 English? japanese (dictionnaire) lchemy ougonjutsu, renkinjutsu alcohol aruko? ru, sake alcohol expenses sakadai alcoholic addiction inshuheki alcoholism aruko? ruizonshou alcove toko, aruko? bu, tokonoma Alcyone (star in Taurus arushio? ne aldehyde arudehido alert taiki alexandrite arekisandoraito algae sourui, mo algebra daisuugaku, daisuu algebraic expression daisuushiki alginic acid aruginsan Algol arugoru algorithm arugorizumu, enzantejun algorithmic arugorizumikku alias henmei, urana, karina, imyou, eiriasu, betsumyou alias (false name) gimei alibi fuzaishoumei, aribai stranger e? rian, takokujin, eirian, iseijin English? japanese Dictionary 76 English? japanese (dictionnaire) lien elements ibunshi alien registration gaikokujintouroku alien registration card gaikokujintourokushoumeisho alien tax nyuukokuzei alienation rihan, sokaku aliens iteki alighting gesha, chakuriku alignment rosen, shoujun, arain mento, douchou alike tomoni alimony fuyouryou alkali arukari alkaline (an) arukarisei alkaloid arukaroido alkalosis arukaro? shisu all arankagiri, issai, bantan, sukkari, tomo, menmen all? A (student) zenkou all? America zenbei all? in? one o? ruinwan all? night o? runaito all? night Mah Jongg tetsuman all? night vigil all oer a body tsuya English? japanese Dictionary 77 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all? occasion dress o? ruoke? jondoresu all? out zenmenteki all? out war zenmensonsou all? purpose hanyou, banninmuki, o? upa? pasu, bannou, mannou all? purpose flour chuurikiko all? round o? ruraundo all? round (market) advance isseidaka all? round (market) decline isseiyasu all? round player o? ruraundopure? ya? all? season coat o? rushi? zunko? to all? season dress o? rushi? zundoresu all? season track o? rushi? zuntorakku all? star cast o? rusuta? kyasuto all? star game o? rusuta? ge? mu all? wave (receiver) o? ruue? bu all? wave receiver zenpajushin ki all? weather coat o? ruueza? ko? to all? weather track o? ruueza? torakku all? wool junmou all (a? no) kakuhan, zenpuku, hyappan all (an) sokkuri English? japanese Dictionary 78English? japanese (dictionnaire) all (not) kanarazushimo all (of you) ittou all (one has) take all (pref) ban, zen all (present) manjou all acts hyakkou all ages roujaku, bandai, bansei, rounyaku, kokon, senko all altogether gassai all animate institution gunsei all around manbennaku all at once isseini, tachimachi, issei all at once (a? no) totsuzen all at sea gorimuchuu all back o? rubakku all candidates zenkouho all circumstances bankyou all companies kakusha all compositions zenkyoku all concerned ichidou all countries bankoku all creation banmotsu, banyuu, banbutsu, banshou English? japanese Dictionary 79English? japanese (dictionnaire) all creatures issaishujou all day shuujitsu all day and night ichinichiichiya all days zenjitsu all doors closed happoufusagari all eff orts souryoku all Europe zenou all evils hyakuhei all eyes juumoku, shuumoku all generations mandai, yorozuyo all goods zenpin all guarantee o? rugyaranti? all hands zenin all health and happiness banpuku, manpuku all heaven zenten all Hokkaido zendou all houses banko all items shinazoroe all kinds (of food) hyakumi all kinds of moromoro, hyappan all kinds of animals hyakujuu English? japanese Dictionary 80 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ll kinds of goods hyakka all kinds of malicious gossip akkouzougon all kinds of sicknesses manbyou all kinds of trees kigi all lands zenchi all lines zensen all locations (abbr) o? ruroke all mail zenbin all means bansaku, hyakkei all members souzei all members (unanimity) zenin all nations banpou all nature banshou all night shuuya, hitoyo, hitoya, tetsuya, yomosugara, yojuu all night through ichiyajuu, hitoyajuu all night vigil yoakashi, tetsuya All Nippon Airlines zennikkuu all obstacles hyakunan, banshou all o f a sudden dashinuke, totsujo, gazen, ikinari all of us ichidou all ones ability zennouryoku English? japanese Dictionary 81 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all ones power zenryoku all or nothing o? uoanashingu all over oteage, manbennaku all over the country kunijuu, zenkokutsutsuuraura, tsutsuuraura all over the house kachuu all over the island touchuu all over town boukan all parts kakubu all pass o? rupasu all people banmin, banjin, bannin all phases kakumen all places bankyou all prefectures kakuken all present ichidou all ranks kisen all right daijoubu, yoroshii, shimeta, o? rai, junchou, yoshi all right yoshi all risks o? rurisukusu all sects kakuha all shook up orooro all sides happou, hachimen English? japanese Dictionary 82 English? japanese (dictionnaire) all sorts kakushu all sorts of trouble hyakunan all square o? usukuea all the armies bangun all the banks (of a river) zengan all the citizens of the city zenshimin all the daimyos sanbyak ushokou all the houses (in town) zenko all the inhabitants zenjuumin all the more ichidan, kaette, wakete, kyaku, issou, naosara all the officials hyakkan all the people choumin all the peoples zenminshuu all the rest zenpyou all the time nirokujichuu, itsudemo all the universe banshou all the way moroni, harubaru all things banmotsu, banbutsu, banyuu, banpan all this week konshuuchuu all through buttooshini all through life isshougai, isshou English? japanese Dictionary 83 English? japanese (dictionnaire) ll tickets zenseki all times and places kokontouzai all together ikkatsu all varieties of flowers hyakka all year round nenbyakunenjuu, ichinenjuu, nengaranenjuu all you can drink (id) nomihoudai all you can eat (id) tabehoudai Allah ara? allegement moushitate allegiance kyoujun allegory guuwa, aregori? , hiyu, fuuyu allegretto areguretto allegro areguro allergy arerugi? allergy to pollen kafunshou alleviation of fever genetsu alley roji, uratoori, y okochou, uradoori alley cat noraneko alley house uraya alleyway roji adherence rengou, engumi English? japanese Dictionary 84 English? japanese (dictionnaire)Alliance araiansu alliance renmei, doumei, gattai, renritsu, doumei allied armies doumeigun allied political party yuutou allies kyoushoukoku alligator arige? ta? , waniguchi, wani alliteration touin alloc arokku allocate aroke? to allocation waritsuke, kakudzuke, wariate, aroke? shon, bunyo allophone (ling) ion allot warifuru allotment kappu, waritsuke, wariate, wariategaku, wappu allotrope dousotai allowance yoyuu, tegokoro, shiokuri, kyuuyo, fuyo, kousa allowance for kagen alloy goukin allspice o? rusupaisu allurement yuuwaku alluring kowakuteki alluvial chuuseki English? japanese Dictionary 85 English? apanese (dictionnaire) alluvial period chuusekiki, chuusekisei alluvial soil chuusekido alluvial stratum chuusekisou alluvium chuusekisou ally mikata, yokoku ally (of another nation) doumeikoku alma mat bokou, shusshinkou alma mater clique gakubatsu almanac arumanakku, koyomi almighty zennou, o? rumaiti? almighty (a? no) bannou almond hentou, a? mondo almond oil hentouyu almost mazu, ayauku, hobo, hakkubu, kubu, arakata almost all ookata alms gouriki, hodokoshimono almsgiving kisha aloe aroe aloes? wood perfume kyara aloes wood kyara aloha aroha English? japanese Dictionary 86 English? japanese (dictionnaire) loha shirt arohashatsu alone tandokude, tanshin, hitoribocchi, hitori, hitoride on nitsuite, sotte along (the wall) (suf) dzutaini along railway line (a? no) ensen along the east border touganzoini along the eastern seashore touganzoini along the north coast hokuganzoini along the river kawazoi along the southern coast nanganzoini aloof tsuntsun aloof from the world hyouhyou aloofness kokou alpaca arupaka alpha arufa alphabet arufabetto alphabetical order e? bi? shi? jun alphanumeric character eisuuji Alphard (aka Alpha Hydra) ar ufarudo alpine arupain, kouzan alpine flower e? deruwaisu English? japanese Dictionary 87 English? japanese (dictionnaire) lpinism arupinizumu alpinist arupinisuto alps arupusu already sudeni, mohaya, kanegane, mou, senkoku, kanete already acquired kitoku already known kichi already proved shoumeizumi also mata, yappari, yahari, nimo altar saidan, kumotsudai altar boy jisha altar of sacrifice so alteration kawari, kae, heni, kaisei, henkou, henzou, henka alternate tagaichigai, kougo, orutaneito, hitotsuoki, kawari alternate interior angles sakkaku alternate plan daian alternately tokkaehikkae, kawaribankoni, kawarugawaru alternating? current winding bunmaki alternating current kouryuu alternation koutai, tagaichigai alternative takuitsuteki, nishasenitsu, o? ruta? natibu alternative plan jizensaku English? japanese Dictionary 88 English? japanese (dictionnaire) alternative school o? ruta? natibusuku? ru alternative space o? ruta? natibusupe? u alternatively nishatakuitsu although tatoe, noni, tatoi altitude koudo altitude sickness koushobyou, kouzanbyou alto aruto altogether sokkuri, zenbu, awasete, issaigassai, kotogotoku altruism aitashugi, hakuaishugi, taai altruistic rita alumina arumina aluminium aruminiumu, arumi aluminium and sicilicum alloy shirumin aluminium foil arumihoiru aluminium sash arumisasshi aluminum (Al) aruminiumu, arumi alumni dousousei alumni meeting dousoukai potassium alum dousousei, kouyuu, shusshinsha, sotsugyousei alveolus haihou, shisou eternally tsuneni, tsunedzune, fudan, kirinashi, itsudemo English? japanese Dictionary 89 English? japanese (dictionnaire) always (not) kanarazushimo always a fool (id) bakahashinanakyanaoranai always hitting the bulls? ye hyappatsuhyakuchuu always saying the wrong thing nenjuushitsugen Alzheimer disease arutsuhaima? byou am gozen Amadeus amadeusu amalgam amarugamu amalgamation heigou, gouhei, gappei, goudou amanuensis daishonin, daisho, daihits u amassing of wealth chikuzai amateur amachua, shirouto, mongaikan amateur (abbr) ama amateur word (in art) tonosamashigoto amateurism amachuarizumu amateurism (in art) tonosamagei amazement ikkyou terrible kyoutendouchi, odorokubeki, sugoi Amazon amazon ambassador anbasada? , taishi ambassador plenipotentiary zenkentaishi English? japanese Dictionary 90 English? japanese (dictionnaire) amber anba? kohaku amber (colour) kohakuiro amber colour bekkouiro deceitful (person) ryoutekiki ambience anbiansu, funiki ambiguous mourou, futokuyouryou, magirawashii, ayafuya ambition haki, houfu, taimou, yabou, koujoushin, iyoku ambitious person yashinka ambitious undertaking yuuto ambivalence anbibarensu, aizouheison ambulance anbaransu, kyuukyuusha ambulance helicopter kyuukyuuherikoputa? ambush senpuku, fusezei, fukuzei, yougeki, mukaeutsu ambush attack geigeki ameboid movement ame? baundou AMeDAS amedasu amen a? men, namu amender shuuseisha amendment kaisei, sh uusei amenity ameniti? , kaitekisa America beikoku, amerika English? japanese Dictionary 91 English? japanese (dictionnaire) Americas Cup race amerikazukappure? u American amerikan American? Soviet beiso American coffee amerikanko? hi? American English (lang) beigo American football amerikanfuttobo? ru American football (abbr) amefuto American Indian hokubeidojin American League amerikanri? gu American league (abbr) ariggu American of Japanese descent nikkeibeijin American person amerikajin American plan amerikanpuran American rugby (abbr) ameragu American sign language amesuran American milling machinery porarisu American vulgarity beizoku Americanism amerikanizumu Americanize amerikanaizu americium (Am) amerishiumu Ameslan amesuran English? japanese Dictionary 92 English? japanese (dictionnaire) methyst amejisuto, ameshisuto, murasakisuishou amiability hitozuki amiable hitonatsukoi, onryou, aisonoii, hitonatsukkoi amicable yuukouteki Amida Buddhas origi nal ban hongan amidst uchini amino acid aminosan Amitabha (Budd. deity) amida amity shuukou, yuukou ammonia anmonia ammonite anmonaito ammonite (traditional name) kikuishi ammunition danyaku amnesia kenboushou amnesty amunesuti, onsha, taisha, tokusha Amnesty International amunesutiinta? nashonaru amoeba ame? ba Amoghasiddhi fukuujouju among (them) nakaniha among other things nakandzuku among rocks iwama English? japanese Dictionary 93 English? japanese (dictionnaire) morous tajou, iroppoi amorous glance irome amorous man bikachou amorphous amorufasu amortization shoukan, shoukyaku amount teido, bunryou, ryou, taka, kagaku amount allotted buntangaku amount invested or contributed shukkingaku amount of business jimuryou amount of consumption shouhiryou amount of drinking insuiryou amount of inventory shouhinzaidaka amount of investment shusshigaku amount of money kingaku amount of rainwater kouuryou amount of sugar toubun amount of tax zeigaku amou nt of work koutei amount or sum (of money) gaku amount received shuunougaku amount sold uriage English? japanese Dictionary 94 English? japanese (dictionnaire) mount used shiyouryou amp anpu ampere anpea amperometer denryuukei amphetamine anfetamin amphibian (an) ryousei amphibian plane ryouyouki amphibious (a? no) suirikuryouyou amphibious animal ryouseidoubutsu ample tappuri amplification engi amplification (elec) zoufuku amplifier anpurifaia amplitude (of vibration) shinpuku ampoule anpuru amputation setsudan amputee setsudankanja Amsterdam amusuterudamu Amtrak amutorakku amulet mayoke, gofu diversion goraku, ikkyou, amyu? zumento English? japanese Dictionary 95 English? japanese (dictionnaire) amusement center amyu? zumentosenta? amusement of the company zakyou amusement park yuuenchi amusement program gorakubangumi amusement quarters sakariba amusing okashii, omoshiroi, omoshiro amylase amira? e an expose (in a magazine) suppanuki an abductor yuukaihannin an abortive oroshigusuri an accuser sonin an act shiuchi an age issei an American beikokujin an antique koki an armful hitokakae an army ichigun an arrow isshi an art ichigei an article ichimotsu an auspicious event kichiji, kitsuji English? japanese Dictionary 96 English? japanese (dictionnaire) an auspicious occasion omedetou an authority kyohaku an eccentric kawarimono an edition ippan an effort hitoiki an elder jouchou an elder brother sonkei an empty dream issuinoyume an enclosure ippuu an end shuumatsu, kugiri an vary transaction kawari an expert honshoku an expression kuchimawashi an extra omake an honest man maningen an idea issaku, ichian an immediate definite deal hitokuchiakinai an imperial hearing joubun an important office ichiyaku an inch ahead issunsaki an incident ichigi English? japanese Dictionary 97 English? apanese (dictionnaire) an incurve naikyokkyuu an individual kotai, ichikojin an inferior ressha an informant sonin an ingredient ichimi an instance ichirei an instant ikkoku, issetsuna, isshunkan, isshun an insurrection ikki an iron noshi an isolated house ikkenya an item ikkou, ippin, hitotsugaki, ikken an office ichiyaku an official ri an old ceremonial garb kamishimo an only child hitorikko, hitotsubudane, hitorigo, isshi an only daughter hitorimusume an only son hitorimusuko an opinion ichikenshiki an orange orenji an ordinary method hitosujinawa an ordinary person ippanjin English? japanese Dictionary 98English? japanese (dictionnaire) an overnight march ippakukougun an RBI hit taimuri? hitto an ultranationalist ikkokumono an unbroken view ichibou an upstart narikin an) kanpuku, kanshin, adeyaka ANA zennikkuu anabolism doukasayou anachronism jidaisakugo, anakuronizumu anachronism (abbr) anakuro anaconda uwabami anaesthesia masui anagram anaguramu anal (col) (X) ketsunoana anal fistula jirou, kireji analects goroku painkiller chintsuuyaku analgesic (an) chintsuusei analog anarogu analog computer anarogukonpyu? ta? analog computer (abbr) anakon English? japanese Dictionary 99 English? japanese (dictionnaire) nalog digital (abbr) anadeji analog digital converter anarogudejitaruhenkanki analog speedometer anarogusupi? dome? ta? analogous ruiji analogue anarogu analogy ruisui, ruihi, anaroji? , souji analyser anaraiza? analysis anarishisu, bunkai, bunseki, kaiseki analysis table bunsekihyou analyst anarisuto analytical bunkaiteki analytical chemistry bunsekikagaku analyticity (physics) kaisekisei analytics bunsekigaku analyzer anaraiza anamnesis kioushou Anaphylaxie (G) anafirakishi? anarchism ana? kizumu anarchism (doctrine of) museifushugi anarchist ana? kisuto anarchy museifu, ana? ki? English? japanese Dictionary 100 English? japanese (dictionnaire) nathema hamon, anatema anatomy

Barclay’s Bank

Barclays is the third largest bank in the United Kingdom. The bank can trace its roots back to 1690 in London. The name Barclay first arose in 1736. today the bank is a global financial renovation provider operating in the UK, Europe, United States, and Africa. The banks headquarters argon at One Churchill Place in Canary Wharf, in Londons Docklands, having moved there in May 2005 from Lombard Street in the City of London. Barclays US headquarters are in Wilmington, Delaware where it acquired the former raetam Bank (Answers Barclays Bank 2006).Barclays is a UK-based financial attend tos group, with a very large international presence in Europe, the USA, Africa and Asia. It is engaged primarily in banking, enthronement banking and investment management. In terms of market capitalisation, Barclays is one of the largest financial services companies in the world (Barclays Newsroom 2006). Barclays has been involved in banking for over 300 years and operates in over 60 countries with more than 113,000 permanent employees (including 33,500 at Absa). For the year ended 31st December 2005, the group achieved a pre-tax profit of ?5,280 million, up fifteen per cent on 2004. In 2005 Barclays paid approximately ? 3 billion in taxes (Barclays Newsroom 2006). Customers are served through a variety of channels comprising the branch net mildew, cash machines, call in banking, online banking and relationship managers. It is managed through two business areas, UK Retail Banking and UK Business Banking. In UK Retail Banking there are 14 million retail nodes, including current accounts, savings, mortgages, and common insurance (Barclays Newsroom 2006).Local Business provides banking services to 592,000 customers UK Premier provides banking, investment products and advice to 286,000 affluent customers (Barclays Newsroom 2006). UK Business Banking provides relationship banking to larger and medium-sized businesses. 183, 000 customers are served by a network of relationship a nd industry sector specialist managers (Barclays Newsroom 2006). Barclays strategic objective is to To deliver top quartile total shareholder return relative to our peers, consistently over time (Barclays p 2 2004). The company focuses directly on increasing shareholder value rather than employee retention and morale.Barclays does non have a directly available mission and value statement that is visible to the external environs. The internal environment at Barclays is one of traditional top-down management. The corporate husbandry at Barclays maintains a hierarchy of experience and education, where the management team places a large amount of focus on meeting the shareholder strategy. According to Barclays In recent months, we have taken a number of steps to enhance further our corporate governance practices. We have expanded the remit of the salary Committee to cover strategic compassionate resource issues (Barclays 2004 p 3).These strategic changes included continued and up graded our investment in established programs for the community, e type and diversity, and the environment built on our reputation as a pioneer and leader in the field of financial inclusion excellent terms and conditions for colleagues impacted by offshore turn outsourcing developed a clear statement on human rights, and continued our participation in the Business Leaders Initiative on charitable Rights and made good progress in adapting our branches and offices to be fully accessible to customers with disabili eviscerates (Barclays p 12 2004).Barclays did not, however, remunerate a corporate strategy or mission to address its near 20% turnover rate which has been continuous and barely changing for the past three years, an indication that Barclays focus is on stakeholder value and not developing or addressing employee morale. However, Barclays does have a large focus on community service, receiving the 2004 National Business Award for Corporate loving Responsibility (Barclays p 12 2004). Roadmap-Thesis The thesis statement is that the lack of direct employee relationships may have a strong impact on the seemingly highschool turnover rate.Personal hearings were conducted over the telephone with two Barclays employees, neither of which are relatives. Saunders et al (2003) define an interview as a purposeful discussion amid two or more people, and can collect data which is both reliable and valid. Saunders et al (2003) describe a structured interview as development questionnaires based on predetermined and standard or identical sets of questions a semi-structured interview as having a list of themes and questions to be covered and an unstructured interview as informal but used to explore in depth a general area of interest.The interviews conducted were unstructured, which is decidedly the best format for discussing the interesting concepts of Barclays organisational strategy and how it relates to the employees . Interview Results The organizational strate gy at Barclays seems almost non-existent to the participants, who each note that while dedication to customer satisfaction is grand, manager and lead concerns are impacting the employee morale. One interviewee even equated working at Barclays to a prison system, which is a reflection of the top-down managerial strategy.This managerial strategy has not been forthcoming to create or enhance employee morale, in fact it almost seems as though the employees are afraid of, or diminished by, the current leaders strategy. Customer service metrics are well known, however it is the organization strategy to continue team readying that focuses on the same customer service strategy and not on new randomness, such as cultivation opportunities or important technological concerns of the employees.This creates an atmosphere where the employees may feel constricted, rather than encouraged, by internal training and education. The organizational strategy may be clear to stakeholders, investors, an d corporate government, but there seems to be a distinct lack of information dissemination to the ground floor employees, which makes it hard for employees to follow a strategic vision and understand their basic role in the organization.The organizational culture at Barclays seems another sore point with the participants, who explained that there is a concern with office politics. Both employees examined that within the organizational culture, there is a strong adherence to management rule where favoritism is accepted. The other disheartening view of the organizational culture is that one participant was made to feel frequently inadequate for petition questions.Another concern about the organizational culture is the manner in which management responds to employees needs, which seems seriously lacking in its execution. Both employees made statements regarding lack of quality leadership pauperism and that managements difference of opinion with employees and their customer service does not fit into the employees need for motivation. Both interviewees understood the vastness of customer service and were able to relate customer service quality to their attendal roles.They did not state that leadership has offered a beneficial measurement of customer service or employee motivation, because neither participant made any positive statements regarding motivation as an organizational strategy. Based on these interviews, the concern with organizational strategy is not simply turnover rate as noted before, but that employees are not offered constant educational information about the organization, its values, mission, goals and opportunities. Academic Research Recommendations for ImprovementIn human capital management, organizational changes should be administered by a general framework fit in to Dreher and Doherty (p 16-17 2001) motivating change requires that the people within the organization understand and induct to the change creating vision in employees is a c ontinuation of commitment where employees know where they fit into that change developing political support means that stakeholders-from employees to HR professionals-have been assessed according to their place and function in the change managing the transition must be set by parameters and adequate available engineering as well as an judgement employee wide of how the parameters and technology work towards the goals the momentum is sustained by (1) providing resources for change, (2) building a support system for the agents of change (3) developing related competencies and skills among those aerated with administering and using the modified process and (4) reinforcing new behaviors called for by the changed environment. To this effect, Barclays must alter their strategy towards change and not the change itself by adequate communication and technology as well as transition training and rein compelment of change strategies amongst employees to foster a positive environment and devel op open lines of input and communication. inducement programs involve a system of rewards and recognition. There is a distinction between recognition programs and reward programs. citation is acknowledgment, appreciation and approval, and targets the psychological need of the individual. Reward, by definition, is normally something given in return for good or evil done or received, especially that is offered or given for a service. Rewards focus on the corporeal benefit, usually financial, however self-esteem, respect, intrinsic motivation and dignity are not guaranteed by a competitive salary (Glasscock and Gram 1995).Both recognition and rewards are important in reinforcing intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, and provide positive reinforcement for desired behavior performance. Employees ordain differ on which has the greater personal impact, but in conclusion both reward and recognition programs affect an individuals self esteem. The value an employee has on an incentive prog ram is therefore highly correlated to the employees engagement in customer service. According to Dr. Mohammed S. Chowdhury of Monroe College, Bronx, New York and Mohammed Nurul Amin of the West Virginia University of Technology Employee values, attitudes, and leadership behavior play a very important role in enhancing employee work motivation and performance.Employee work values, attitudes and leadership behavior can carefully be adjusted to produce a strong impact on employee work motivation (www. sba. muohio. edu). A customer-focused culture is raise when employees understand that the organization will reward them for exceptional performance and customer service. Research shows that employee motivation and engagement is greatly enhanced when employees clearly understand the link between organizationally desired behaviors and rewards. It is important to recognize that an employee focus and a customer focus are complementary. It is noted that the importance of employee engagement i n a sales environment to diminish the amount of money spent on employees.Accordingly, question has shown that improving the employee engagement will outgrowth employee retention. Kenexa. com states that Research has shown that fully engaged employees tend to be more productive, conscientious and have high levels of organizational commitment. In addition, research has shown that an engaged work force tends to stay employed longer, miss work less often, have higher levels of customer satisfaction and service quality, attain and surpass organizational goals more regularly, are more productive and have comparatively lower workers compensation and accident claims (2005). To measure constructs of employee engagement, benchmarks would be an above average response of high values.A successful research would develop an increase in value rating per employee per category. In essence, the purpose is to develop employee engagement in conjunction with the benchmarks and defined constructs accor ding to the majority values of tenured employees. Benchmarks for evaluation of success can be defined by an organizational increase in retention of employees compared to past trends in the facility, with increase in employee engagement of facility compared to past trends. The recommendation is to focus on team and individual development to ensure that employees become fully engaged within their function and as team members. According to David Beswick of the University of MelbourneMangers generally, and anyone formally or informally responsible for oversight of others who are engaged in work or learning tasks, will be aware that some people are participating more out of interest in the task than others are. Others gain their satisfaction principally out the way in which their performance on the task leads to rewards like pay or status or good grades in a course. But typically there is a mixture of motives for which a range of different incentives is relevant. (www. beswick. info 2004 ) Any recognition program will reflect an organizations culture and values. Increasingly, recognition programs are part of companys total quality program.Recognition programs may take several forms, from highly formalized programs induced and implemented by management to informal, spontaneous ceremonies arising from fellow co-workers. Recognition and celebrations are a ways of reaffirming to people that they are an important part of something that matters. Conclusion meshed employees receive training for necessary skills and are on board with the organizations goals. Employees will be unable to perform if they lack the skills needed for their roles, so organizations need to post employees with gaps in their training. baronial performance appraisal presents a good opportunity to do so.Research shows that organizations with good performance appraisal systems have significantly higher levels of employee engagement that those with a brusk performance appraisal system. However, for p erformance appraisal to identify employees with specific needs, managers first need to have a good understanding of the performance appraisal system. Therefore, the training needs of managers should not be overlooked. Managers should be trained to identify performance weaknesses as well as how to effectively tie performance to recognition and rewards. Engaged employees receive training for necessary skills and are on board with the organizations goals.Employees will be unable to perform if they lack the skills needed for their roles, so organizations need to identify employees with gaps in their training. Formal performance appraisal presents a good opportunity to do so. Research shows that organizations with good performance appraisal systems have significantly higher levels of employee engagement that those with a poor performance appraisal system. However, for performance appraisal to identify employees with specific needs, managers first need to have a good understanding of the performance appraisal system. Therefore, the training needs of managers should not be overlooked. Managers should be trained to identify performance weaknesses as well as how to effectively tie performance to recognition and rewards. ReferencesAnswers Barclays Bank 2006 Barclays Bank Barclays plc Type Public Founded 1896 Location London , United Kingdom Key 2006 Answers Corporation . Retrieved September 15, 2007 from www. answers. com Barclays Bank PLC (2006) Barclays Newsroom. Registered in England. Registered No 1026167. Registered Office 1 Churchill Place, London, E14 5HP. . Retrieved September 15, 2007 from www. barclays. com Barclays (2004) Annual Report 2004. Registered Office 1 Churchill Place, London, E14 5HP. Retrieved September 15, 2007 from www. investor. barclays. co. uk Beswick, David (2004) of the University of Melbourne. Copyright David Beswick 1997-2004. Retrieved September 15, 2007 www. beswick. info Chowdhury, Mohammed S. (n. d.) Relative Importance of Employee Va lues, Attitudes and lead Behaviors in Employee Motivation. Monroe College, Bronx, New York Retrieved September 15, 2007 from www. sba. muohio. edu Dreher & Dougherty. (2001). Human resource strategy A behavioral perspective for the general manager. New York McGraw-Hill Glasscock and Gram (1995) Secrets of a Successful Employee Recognition System. BT Bastford. LTD. 2000 Kenexa. com (2005) 650 East Swedesford Road 2nd Floor Wayne, PA 19087 Retrieved September 15, 2007 from www. kenexa. com Saunders, M. , Lewis, P. and Thornhill, D. (2003), Research Methods for Business Students, 3rd Edition, London FT Prentice Hall.