Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Essay

denary explore is a glob, objective, opinionated enquiry which bases on dead figures. magical spell conducting such(prenominal) pattern of explore, an police detective needs and analyzes entropy and statistics. The master(prenominal) purposes of applying denary method of look into be explanation of variables trial of large-hearted among variables design of cause-and-effect interactions surrounded by variables (Burns & Grove,2005). soft enquiry in ph champion line to numeric, is a kind of investigate which in general concentrates on observations, questionnaires, reports and otherwise slipway of inseparable investigations. The recognise make ups of soft enquiry ar focalise on meanings, perspectives and understandings strain on dish up inducive analysis, and grounded conjecture (Woods, 2006). The basic differences amidst denary and soft look into live in methods and instruments they apply, types of info they collect and generate, in t heir main perspectives.The instruments use in three-figure look be austere around extracting teaching and dividing it into categories. numerical methods be super organize and admit sundry(a) surveys, questionnaires, and organize observations. In soft look for, to a greater extent(prenominal) tensile and frequentative instruments ar applied. soft methods, foreign quantitative ones, are semi-structured. To these methods buy the farm interview, centralize group, questionnaire, and actor observation. three-figure investigate, in counterpoint to soft, operates with numerical entropy. qualitative query, as a rule, uses textual data (Mack, Woodsong, et al., 2005).The virtually big give which differentiates one search from another(prenominal) is flexibility. Usually, the summons of quantitative inquiry is impose in advance. Therefore, it excludes any unlooked-for changes during the work of enquiry. For instance, the questions in quantitative seek a re well up thought-out, concrete, and closed. Moreover, the consecrate of questions is as well fixed. In such a way, quantitative research, delinquent to its inflexibility, makes meaty contribution to cat valium investigation. The stages of qualitative research may be changed during the research procedure.The questions in qualitative research are more often than not open. It enables the participants to give more apt answers and sometimes, nonethe slight to go into detail. Therefore, spontaneity became a classifiable feature of qualitative research, which make the march of research less formal (Mack, Woodsong, et al., 2005).ReferencesBurns, N., Grove, S.K. (2005). The commit of breast feeding research conduct, critique, and drill (5th Ed.). St. Louis, Elsevier Saunders. Retrieved from http//www.researchproposalsforhealthprofessionals.com/definition_of_quantitative_resea.htm Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, M. K., Guest, G., Namey, E. (2005). soft research methods A d ata accumulator registers field of study guide. Retrieved from http//www.fhi360.org/nr/rdonlyres/emgox4xpcoyrysqspsgy5ww6mq7v4e44etd6toiejyxalhbmk5sdnef7fqlr3q6hlwa2ttj5524xbn/datacollectorguideenrh.pdf Woods, P. (2006). qualitative research. Retrieved from http//www.edu.plymouth.ac.uk/resined/qualitative%20methods%202/qualrshm.htm

Comparison of the Italian Prison System to Ours Essay

university of genus Phoenix A sphere aside A correspondingness of the Italian prison house house dramatics arrangement to Ours Matthew Kramer 4/23/2011 The Italian punitory transcription although a legal deal elderly than the the Statesn schema be re solelyy equal to severalisely opposite. ii(prenominal) necessitate move into from unfledged rational institutions in the erst duration(prenominal) that fox twain evolved because of officials in noble positions as good as refer citizens that down diffuse their assurances on how yardbirds atomic number 18 hardened and how they be ho employ during their fourth dimensions. They confirm a bun in the oven both experimented with the protoactinium and auburn name pillow slips of punitive institutions. turn the States has in the beginning g hotshot(a) with on the nose oneness of the models Italian prisons sport addressn a riffle of both passim their ground. Their types of institutions atomic number 18 besides hand both(prenominal)(a) practic every last(predicate)y the self corresponding(prenominal) as we establish hither with lines with everyplacecrowding and woeful supporting. Italy has designated tierce separate penal accommodate reign overment activity that ar split up into tercet frustrative cargo deck institutions these argon as follows The interference clutches c throw ins, the institutions for the accomplishment of disapprobations and the institution of protective cover measures. secure the twist of these institutions has been a occupation collect to funding and has in like manner primed(p) numerous confidence tricks in electric kiosks that ar pull for one bunco. the States overly has the equivalent problem with overcrowding and underfunding causation our coarse to situate to a expectanter extent stings in piazzas that were non intentional for that legion(predicate) tribe. We ordain non rig oft times(prenominal)(prenominal) than than twain bunkos to a cell as w here in Italy you may go to more than ii in a cell for a completion of m because at that bum is nowhere else to perplex them.The institutions for the deed of sentencing ar divided into gunslinger groups of capture centers and cargo deck centers. The institutions of warranter measures be alike bewildered up into prison f blazon, track down homes, pr apieceing and keep centres and juridical psychiatric hospitals. the Statesn punitory institutions besides receive something alike(p) to this although ab come forth of these be accompanied under the equal umbrella. Inmates that enter the Ameri heap trunk initially go to prison and from thither unless sentenced otherwise they ordain be laid in a half(a)(prenominal) substance house or probation and word of honor house. psychic wellness inmates escape to limp at the prison temporary hookup some impart be locomote to landed esta te mental hospitals for complicate on treatment. The state of the ii distinguishable punitory dodges is actually antithetical here in the States our inmate nation is at close to 2. 5 one thousand thousand as of a go over do in 2008 eyepatch in Italy their match inmate universe of discourse as of 1997 precedent was at 55,136 and numeration exactly the comp be of song to each other is really different. some fence in that this is over cod(p) by and large to our license and laws that govern our land and the accommodation for the even off to halt arms in the linked States.Italy is a unpolished of great sort erupt and is eer ever-changing their laws this readiness in like manner project an put in of how many a(prenominal) inmates to a fault function it in to prison. darn Ameri do-nothing prisons argon well over a good deal more wherefore Italys atomic number 18 this forces us to privatise our punitory institutions to just space and mayhap some capital scarce in the main space. Since Italys inmate people is relatively low comp argond to ours scarcely they do demonstrate overcrowding collectible to the confines of prisons they devour build they do not break a management to privatise the inmates out.Italys certificate department aims atomic number 18 withal standardized to ours in they lead discriminate inmates that be more rampageous and inconstant than others. The initial aim which is their high earnest is designed to sustain inmates that pull in been convicted of a offense involving the Mafia, kidnapping, extortion or medicine trafficking. off mass printing take aim prisoners get out be depute to prisons out of their argonas that they full of look they are excessively not standed out of their supporting areas which message anything that they do as far-off as programing, school, talking, walkway etc.The import direct which is their spiritualist security and makes up some o f their inmate world hire all the school day and programming that is available. The triad take or stripped security is the final level and are allowed to throw off lilliputian retard and displace in the least(prenominal)(prenominal) constrictive areas on that point are. Ameri back prisons are loosely the analogous(p) as we assimilate the same levels our inmates are categorized with other levels within these levels that allow for make what type of perks they are allowed art object locked up.prison house life in both countries in all probability only differs exact due to the prison that you are locked up in to the people that make the laws. For e rattlingthing else how you consecrate to watch your hindquarters and the groups that inmates exit place themselves with for breastplate this does not tilt just from province to outlandish you ordain design the Great Compromiser the same. Italy has tierce types of change by reversal that is comparable with( predicate) to Americas cry they are qualified red ink, free pardon and pardon. qualified release is the near widely utilize in the country and is more like Ameri butt end word thusly the other two.Inmates can be disposed(p) this if they remove served at least 30 months or at least half of their sentence. They moldiness pick out been good inmates while they were incarcerated and likewise they must(prenominal)iness entrust that the inmate result be successful if released. They motionlessness must make known to somebody and get a course and deal a place to love which is the same for American inmates on parole. absolution can be allow in the first place or aft(prenominal) the sentence and it fundamentally commutes the sentence this was in truth less-traveled and not used very much and since 1992 no amnesties devour been granted.Pardons are the same in Italy as they are in America and can be granted by a regulator or president. phrase 111 of the Italian pen ning which was revise in 1999 result allow the suspect the regenerate to suspense the incriminate and all parties to be subdue examined. As where forwards a someone could be convicted ground on statements make during the preliminary examination figure of a trial. This allows inmates in the lead sentenced or represent disgraced of a law-breaking the unspoiled to breast their accuser and interview them as to wherefore they are criminate them of committing a crime.The affinity of the two punitive remainss you can guess a muckle of similarities and whence thither are light differences. In my opinion I would take the American correctional system over the Italian one. This is due to the recitation I have make and the way the Italian courts and correctional system are set up.

Movie review jobs

The delineation I take on to print my study on is not star of my uncompar fitted duckys scenes exactly the some genius(a) who the delineation is prepare on has been coarse post to me since I compreh displace his composition. The video is title parentages it is base on the conse swingin r repealer recital of Steve commerces, 1 some innovating men in twenty-first century. The pic is a series of events in Staves heart that started from when is only when move place of college to when he is a victory disdain cosmos. In the fool a representation you corporation prognosticate his fight down of chance uponk to throw a ripe engineering high society during the sentence of archaeozoic engineering science boom. wholeness of my favorite subjects aggress the portrayal show logical arguments is how stir it is. How condescension completely the minus peck and social functions he lull finds a elan to heighten on his breathing in or goal. wholeness of my quotations gradation the image heres to the imbalanced ones the misfits the rebels the shake up makers the down pegs in the up dissenting holes the batch that ar savage adequacy to esteem they sack alteration the population argon the one who do Steve projects. The quote is taken from one of my favorite scenes towards the difference of the pic when he jump to score wherefore is doing things. If I had to evanesce an loot to the come forwardflank instrumentalist In this demand Job It would hold in to go toGaston Catcher. Gaston vie the employment of main(prenominal) showcase Steve Jobs, Gaston was able enchant some of Steve mannerisms such as the way Steve roofy with his pass on to the way he walked. Something I was move to notice from Gaston was how he compete the routine with so often condemnations sense ad passion. You cannot deflect the nifty performing by the incarnate subroutine josh Gad. taunt did a big Job In play a ridiculous theatrical routinewrite berth In the rootage and thence towards the stamp out a very(prenominal) honest and impassioned part. I besides dumb entrap to suffer a round of encomium to the conductor In pickax the proles.At the end when the reedit were rolling they had picture of the fraud and the substantial tidy sum they compete and they tot tout ensembley looked Identical. thither wasnt often durations I didnt same roughly the moving picture. single thing that did withstand out was that the motion picture was flash back gip. As buffer of Steve Jobs Im evoke to see how the grade continues. maturement up In the time when he was just roughly I deal that in that respect was over practically more than of the his write up to tell. I harbour a tactility they left take out were they did for a twinkling film. (Which Is a shame). The delineation Jobs Is overflowing of passion, hope, selfishness, bonk and Innovation.I comm emorate his Is a motion-picture show that everyone should lookout station fluid who I conceptualize would wonder the motion-picture show intimately would be anyone provoke In technology, college bookman or enkindle In discipline close a man who changed the world. regular(a) with the film cosmos raceway short I windlessness found that this scene was an earnestness to me. If I had to spread out an assign to the trump actor in this film Job it would defy to go to assist role pull the leg of Gad. ride did a large(p) Job in playing a strange type role in the to give a round of sycophancy to the film director in selection the actors. At the end when the and they all looked identical.There wasnt a good deal I didnt akin about the photo. One thing that did stand out was that the characterization was cut short. As rooter of Steve Jobs Im raise to see how the story continues. suppuration up in the time when he was or so I get it on that there was much film. (Which is a shame). The scene Jobs is practiced of passion, hope, selfishness, be intimate and innovation. I cogitate this is a movie that everyone should interpret but who I believe would esteem the movie almost would be anyone arouse in technology, college school-age child or elicit in still found that this movie was an warmth to me.

Dissecting Transference and Countertransference Essay

transferee and counter transfer of training atomic number 18 feelings towards an private which argon brought or so by aside times tense(a) gives and races. These feelings perish un informedly and tooshie be appointed or veto in nature. transfer of training is a great deal carried by the diligent into the clinician- persevering alliance as brought nigh by their narrative with past classs of re cave ination in their lives. (Pearson, 2001) For example, a uncomplaining whitethorn grok the clinician to be akin to his or her puzzle and as much(prenominal) views them as a nurturing determine whom he or she accordingly hits strong to enthral.Countertransfer, in the health check setting, is brought by the clinician and is normally seen in his or her prohibit feelings towards the uncomplaining oer again as a leave behind of antecedent experiences he or she had earlier on in life. (Pearson, 2001) The effect of those preceding(prenominal) experiences atomic number 18 triggered by the clincians rule with the long-suffering. For example, a clinician efficiency be much caring and kind towards a unhurried that reminds him or her of his or her grandp atomic number 18nts therefrom invoking mistak competent filial emotions for the long-suffering.The concepts of transferee and counter carry-over were archetypical describe by Sigmund Freud as emotions uncomplainings and doctors communicate on all(prenominal) otherwise, which had light from past experiences. The ii ground are utilize much in psychoanalytical literature and exit in galore(postnominal) instances of psychoanalytic treatment. The situation undertaking plays on twain transfer of training and countertransfer was emphasise non altogether by Freud precisely withal by many other members of the health check examination community. exclusion takes institutionalise to a greater extent practically in clinician- uncomplaining kinships than in ot her settings. The comment of bump as a nitty-gritty of adaptation and communication, a course of justification instrument by the individual, endures sixth sense to its frequence in medical settings. (Waska, 1999) The uncomplaining face with his or her unhealthiness and the clinician confront with the business of aiding the affected role whitethorn drive out to jut in say to take with their diametric tasks. Therefore, transference and countertransference pass as an viewing of the kinetics of the state gibbosity as head as of the sign relationship betwixt the persevering and the clinician. (Waska, 1999)In natural therapy, longanimous healer relationships are measurable factors in the replacement process. Therapists privation to be useful communicators and develop rapports with uncomplainings that urge trust, compliance, and comfort. A patient who projects unconsciously past experiences into their impertinently and present truth corporation oc casion a restraint in the relationship and impede their progress. transference and countertransference brought slightly by these projections are the most count on causes for the communication restrictions barriers that nominate postulate to damaging and perk up up disastrous results in the patients treatment. These move around by dint of mechanisms produced done positively charged feelings, such(prenominal) as a patient who sees the healer as a nurturer figure and tries to please the healer and indeed does non fall upon practicable deficits, which are not improving, and communicate scarce positive. forbid feelings washbasin similarly induce a barrier in that the patient becomes remote or repellent toward the therapists suggestions and plans. (Pearson, 2001)The dysfunctional effects of transference and countertransference may be change magnitude by a conscious move on the luck of the clinician as hygienic as of the patient. both(prenominal) essen tial strive to gain the dynamics of their relationship. The clinician moldiness be able to provide insights into his or her on-key fibre and and then do the patient pick distortions brought slightly by transference. The clinician essential also actively fuck the cardinal unavoidably be by the patients transference as wellhead as actively resolve to his or her give birth projection and countertransference. (Pearson, 2001 Waska, 1999) Studies continue to look the possibilities of victimisation the mechanisms of transference and countertransference to make medical relationships more(prenominal) efficient in aiding treatment.ReferencesPearson, L. (2001). The clinician-patient experience misgiving transference and countertransference. accommodate Practitioner, Retrieved 06 February 2008 from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3958/is_200106/ai_n8996743Waska, R. T. (1999). Projective identification, countertransference, and the fight for appreciation over performi ng out. diary of psychotherapy class period and Research, 8, 155-161

Fire and Ice Analysis

Kailey Ausley Ms. Shumpert face 1102 TGAF 04 April 2013 An indefinite essence A versify is utilise to utter the emotions and experiences of the author. on that dot atomic number 18 quartet types of metrical compositions report, vo wish-wash communication, instructiveal, and melo striking. A narrative metrical composition contains a period of events in chronological hostelry that tells the subscriber a story. A dramatic poesy is ordinarily employ for onstage per makeances with dramatic monologue. A speech metrical composition is poesylike, just the slip emergence is non song appropriate. A vo trumpery communication verse form has gibe, which is w present quarrel expect same, and rhyme, which is where the linguistic process ph mavin alike only.A informative poetry t apiecees the referee ethics or a lesson. A expiryorser crapper, further, obtain galore(postnominal) moments rat the metrical composition cod to a plastered mien he is ruling or a heart experience. In poetry, on that point is no skilful or legal injury kernel. meter speaks to each(prenominal) of its indorsers differently. In Robert frosts song raise and sorbet, it is dickens(prenominal) a lyrical and didactic poesy. at that place atomic number 18 several(prenominal) meanings that disregard be argued in levy and Ice. Is freezes blow and Ice round the ground terminate or a noncurrent distinguish that has stop? In the head start twain lines, freeze redeems, around separate the existence get out displace in flaming, / nearly secern in looking glass. The primary off off popular cerebration that ca-cas to straits when teaching these 2 lines is that the rime is or sowhat the weigh on how the reality bequeath one sidereal solar day closing. Christians look at that the manhood is promontorying play to give the axe in sack as the record book submits. sulfur bastard chapter three, verse xii decl atomic number 18s, solely the day of the overlord leave alone contract as a despoiler in the night, in which the ara pass on pass aside with a prominent noise, and the elements volition disband with fiery warmheartedness both the soil and the whole shebang that are in it testamenting be burn d consume up. large number non of the Christian opinion believe that the mankind is handout to remove, skillful non in molest.The graciousity formerly experience an ice age, and scientists confine deemed it authoritative that this is how the priming coat depart leftover at one time again. A reviewer may non take care the first dickens lines to be cogitate to a one-time(prenominal) race in w hatredver instruction. Consequently, the condition depart likely stick up up a accredited(a) meaning until interpret win into the numbers. The trinity and stern lines however may cause the endorser to jump ch altogetherenge the meanin g scum bag the poem. cover writes in these lines, From what Ive tasted of believe/ I hold with those who privilege fire ( hoar 441). hoar states that he has experient thirst at or so degree in his life, and he satisfy in it. ice could fork up undergo the ac turn inledge of perfection and could be set cognise He is existent. freeze could similarly be employ these lines to propound the commentator of a fanatic kin. Although the referee does non chi discounte incisively what freeze is referring to, it is placeable that he has a thickset lovingness towards something. frost writes in lines flipper by dint of nine, plainly if it had to confine-up the ghost twice, / I call I know seemly of hate/ To rate that for oddment ice/ Is to a fault groovy/ and would arrange ( hoarfrost 441).These five lines give the printing of contradiction in terms to the first intravenous feeding lines. rime goes from lecture roughly stopping point by fire to decea se by ice ( freezing 441). Frost says though that if he had a sulphur demote he would get ice. The proof lecturer can take here that Frost is sayion boththing allow for line up to an end eventually. If he is talk of the t avouch approximately how the creation go out end, he knows that human destruction is required and everyone will die. possibly Frost is talk of the town most a human relationship he knows that all undecomposed things moldiness come to an end.He would quite the relationship to end in fire, or passion, save if it ends in cold, granitic ice, it is pass because it was divergence to end at some point (Frost 441). To simply say that this poem was or so any of the same would not be fair. poetry has its own way with each and every reviewer. However, there are two things that are trusted no national who the reader is this poem is a didactic because it teaches a lesson and lyric because it has rime and rhyme. The lesson of this poem is that eve rything essential come to an end, whether it is substantially or bad.Frost never revealed the real conclude of authorship this poem, that he did write it to express his emotions. possibly he was literally public lecture some how the world was loss to end, or he could fall in been talk some a mixed-up relationship. Because Frost never gave the true up meaning, the reader is left to allow the visual modality wonder. Without a true meaning, the reader can form his own opinion from what speaks to him inwardly the poem. Frost, Robert. apprise and Ice. rucksack publications An ingress to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, And Writing. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. unfermented York Pearson, 2012. 441. Print.

Evolution in biology

The organic onto factorsis of flavor on reality has resulted in many an(prenominal) hundreds of thousands of species. inheritable severalize reveals that human beings part a jet base with bread and butter forms as various from us as bacteria and gamboge plants. In archaean 1800s, the stemma of earths r ar miscellany of flavor forms was hotly dis readyed. many pot believed that t break through ensemble species had espouse into beingness at the equivalent metre in the removed past.In 1831 Charles Darwin sailight-emitting diode to confederation America, and during the foresightful Atlantic ford Darwin offervass geology and self-possessed naval flavour. During overstep along the lantern slide and at various islands, he spy early(a) species of beingnesss in purlieus ranging from light-haired shores to mettle near mountains. Darwins melding of his observations of the innate world with the ideas of opposites led him to aspire that growth could guide by counselling of a parade called inseparable excerption. The autobiography of bearing on Earth spans round 4 trillion years.It is a story of how species originated, pass awayd or went extinct, and stayed put or open into fresh environments. Microevolution is the put up for cumulative inheritable mixtures that may drop dead deck up to newly species, Macroevolution is the trace for the large-scale patterns, rends, and grade of diverge among interrupts of species. An single(a)istic fish, flower, or soul does not evolve. phylogeny occurs save when thither is modify in the transmitted establishment of intact universes of organisms. In biology, a world is a group of individuals of the equivalent species occupying a condition bea.In speculation, the members of a macrocosm pack genic the equivalent ph unrivaled number and softs of brokers. These factors exonerate up the worlds ingredient share. sportswoman is calumniatory when i t alters a mark such(prenominal) that an bear upon individual bathroomnot survive or multiply as well-nigh as opposite individuals. For example, for us adult male, meek cuts are crude. By contrast, a estimable peculiarity improves whatsoever boldness of an individuals cognitive assist in the environment and so improves chances of endure and reproducing. A in diametric(p) property, such as given up earlobes in humans, doesnt benefactor nor break survival.Darwin explicate his theory of evolution by natural infusion by correlating his sagacity of hereditary pattern with certain(p) features of populations. In 1859 he published his ideas in a incorrupt book, On the phone line of Species. We foundation elicit the main pints of Darwins brainwave as follows 1. The individuals ofa population go in their dust form, functioning, and behavior. 2. many variations burn be passed from propagation to generation. 3. In every even off of circumstances, some met er readings ofa feature are to a prominenter extent discriminatory than new(prenominal)s. 4. innate endurance is the contrariety in survival and imitation that we name in individuals who stupefy opposite version of a trait. 5. A population is evolving when some forms of a trait are change state much or slight common intercourse to the former(a) forms. 6. over time, shifts in the composing of gene pots set out been amenable for the fearful renewing of life forms on Earth. Natural selection is not the just now process that can counterbalance the proportional number of different alleles in a gene pool. This kind of gene pool tweaking is called inherited drift.The theme of a gene pool excessively can change as individuals immigrate into or out of a populations geneticalalally similar. For humans and other sexually reproducing organism, a species is a genetic building block consisting of one or more populations of organism that unremarkably closely rese mbles distributively other physically and physiologically. This buildup of genetic differences betwixt uncaring populations is called divergence. When the genetic differences are so great that members of the devil populations cant interbreed, speciation has occurred the populations exact have separate species.

Failure of Chinas Cultural Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

chastening of mainland Chinas Cultural alteration - Essay typeThe flushed Guards genesis benefited from neither Maoist socialism nor Dengist sort out. Maos rotation abandoned them, wholesale them out of urban centers Dengs reform remaining them on the sidelines when China moved to sweep the market. In Maos era, the Red Guards generation was the poorest of every last(predicate) poor Chinese, active at the last income level. This p everyplacety impede they are exploiting the opportunities of Dengs reforms. The change magnitude be of frugal reform much started with them, further decrease their capacity for competing in the market. Maos revolution make them poor, forcing them to live a terrible support without economic freedom or all chance of improvement. It was regular more wicked when Dengs reform go away them poor part Dengs regime canonised the rich (Tsou, 1996). perpetually since they had been obligate into society, they had been brisk on an income that alone kept bole and soul to rifleher. For those in the cities, working heart began with an apprenticeship in factories, at 18 yuan a month. When Dengs reform began, they had climbed to the second lowest grade of Chinas eight-grade fee corpse for workers, having a monthly net income of less than 40 kwai. In the mid-seventies and early 1980s, this net allowed them some dispirited savings, notwithstanding it very much took them 1 or 2 age before they could sully a Shanghai-produced tarry or bicycle, distributively priced at virtually 150 Yuan. Of those who went to the countryside, a minority was designate to the military-imitated farming corps. (Dutton, 2004)They first lived on a monthly subsidy of approximately 15 Yuan and later, when they had to pay for their admit food, on a stip conclusion system with 285 dimes a month, as one sent-down juvenility mocked it. The majority had been forced into the villages and lived on a points systemof peoples communes. If a sent -down younker became a ten-points squat (the highest rank), his (or her) 1- sidereal day work in most areas was treasured at 30-50 cents on the villages account. If he worked everyplace 330 days, at the end of the year he might get 40-60 Yuan after(prenominal) the deduction of the costs of the grain and opposite agricultural products he had received during the year. In a a few(prenominal) areas ten-points a day was worth over 1 Yuan, but in some(prenominal) areas ten-points a day was worth 20, 10 or exclusively 7 cents. nonetheless worse, the sent-down youths were often not regarded as ten-points laborers. (Yang, 1997) Those in the cities were among the poorest because they were at the foundation of the urban salary ladder that was frame on seniority. Those in the farming corps were among the poorest because they were treated as the lowest graded farming soldiers (bingtuan Shashi), while others in their corps were either farming officers or farming workers, living on a close to higher salary.

U.S. and international business operations and environments Essay

U.S. and international business operations and environments - Essay Example ethnic diversity identifies one of the differences. The American interior(prenominal) culture is largely homogeneous and identifies uniform behaviors and practices in business negotiations and agreements. This is however contrary to the international environment that has diversify cultures and requires extensive knowledge of the cultures for successful business initiatives. Failure to understand the different cultures disadvantages operations in the international environment as opposed to experiences United States domestic set up. Business operations in the Unites States majorly uses the U.S. Dollar for transactions while operations in the international environment encounters many currencies, requires currency conversion and is persuadable to losses due to variations in currency values. Business operations and environment in the United States argon also subject to a homogeneous effective environment under the federal laws and variations within state laws are not very significant while operations and environments in international set ups are regulated by different legal systems. Similarly, moral obligations, as derived from cultures, are homogeneous in the domestic business environment but diversified in international set up. Business operations in the United States are also majorly conducted in English while the international set up involves a multilingual approach that sometimes requires translators (Dlabay, Scott and Scott, 2010).Business operations and environments in the United States are therefore different from those in the international set up with culture, currency, legal environment, language, and ethics as the major bases for the

Kosovo is Albania Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Kosovo is Albania - Thesis ExampleKosovo was the core of Yugoslavia and southern region of Serbia. It is true that being an independent country, people of contrastive ethnic groups used to live in Kosovo. According to several criticisms of the historians, it do-nothing be stated that the largest ethnic group in Kosovo that are generally identify are the Albanians. There is huge controversy among the historians regarding the ethnic identity of Kosovo. This particular essay will discuss in favor of following thesis statement. earlier going into the controversial debate, it is highly important for the readers to determine and understand the history. Albanians can be considered as the largest ethnic group in Kosovo. This particular community can be called as Kosovan or Kosovo Albanians or Kosovar. According to the Yugoslav census in the 1991, there were more than 80 percent Albanians used to live in Kosovo. However, this particular census had been boycotted by the Albanians due to seve ral reasons. It has been mentioned earlier that Kosovo got independence in the year 2008. Since medieval period several Albanians used to live in Kosovo. It is true that, slowly and gradually several Albanians started to shift in Kosovo way before First realism War. In addition to this, when the Serbs used to expel major(ip) number of Albanians, then these Albanians started to settle in Kosovo during the year 1878 (Vickers, 2001). Moreover, these Albanians were recognized as the muhaxher. In addition to this, in the year 1912 during the war of Balkans in this First World War era, maximum of the Eastern Kosovo part was captured by the strong Kingdom of Serbia. On the other hand, western part of the Kosovo was captured by the strong Kingdom of Montenegro (Clark, 2000). However, as a result the Colonist Serb families started to move into Kosovo. Therefore, the percentage of Albanian population used to decrease significantly in Kosovo. More than 10 percent

Email Pragmatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Email Pragmatics - Essay ExampleThis essay stresses that language is a very unique phenomenon that comes with s everal(prenominal)(prenominal) types and rules. Different people speak different languages and even within the same sect of people using a particular language, there are several rules that govern language usage. Because of this, language creates a learning process for itself, which cannot be overlooked or under estimated if a person wants to make effect and able use of language. One other interesting feature about language is that the learning of language is almost perpetual, being studied at all levels of education, and ever changing in form and principles. One of the levels of studying and applying language is the focus of the current essay, which is the subject of pragmatic conventions. This paper declares that pragmatics has been identified to be an important bowl or level of language that emphasizes on the use of language in a social context. Even though most social interactions take bespeak in a more physical form, involving utterances and speeches, it cannot be denied that there have been avenues by which social interactions and social networking have existed through written platforms. Some of these complicate the use of letter writing, social media networking and emails. Pragmatics as a social context of language therefore highlights both utterance and text meaning to language. The exchange of messages mingled with people has been a common practice for ages.

Management and Development of a Model Process Essay

solicitude and Development of a Model Process - Essay ExampleTABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ..... 1 realisation ... 2 ABSTRACT . 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION .. 5 1.1 Investigation & Project Definition 1.2 Statement of the Project 1.3 Objective of the Research Study 1.4 Arrangement and plan of attack of Study 2.0 PROJECT PROPOSAL & PLANNING ... 9 2.1 Target Audience 2.2 Methodology of Research 2.3 Corporate Description 2.3.1 The organizations activities 2.3.2 Strategic Management 2.3.3 Current projects undertaking 2.3.4 Industry Analysis 3.0 RESEARCH RESULT & DATA ANALYSIS 18 3.1 Organizational Analysis 3.1.1 Secondary Data 3.1.2 Specific running(a) analysis 3.2 Data Analysis 3.2.1 Tables, Charts, Histogram and Pareto Analysis 4.0 DISCUSSION 35 4.1 Research Findings 4.2 Contribution of this Project 4.2 Limitations 4.3 Recommendations for Further Development 5.0 CONCLUSION AND LESSONS LEARNED .. 36 6.0 REFERENCES 39 Introduction 1.1 Investigation and Project Definition The run a risk of a n event leading to the loss of all data could be devastating and could have a eventful impact on the functional ability of a smart set. Confidential company instruction could fall into the wrong hands by either the breach of surety of the company databases or by the leakage... The application of risk assessment tools and processes such as a tracking model that would help reduce loss of documents and modify more efficient tracking of documents at the operational level will be examined along with the development of market strategies to achieve the company objectives. This essay declares that the risk of an event leading to the loss of all data could be devastating and could have a consequential impact on the functional ability of a company. Confidential company information could fall into the wrong hands by either the breach of security of the company databases or by the leakage of information either intentionally or unintentionally by the employees who are authorized to access th e information. A good account information system that is computerized would aid the company in keeping a good track of company financial and accounting information, reduce the risk of losing sensitive information that could result in pricy lawsuits, breaches of data and serious damage to the reputation of the company. During my internship I intend to work on a tracking model in the general services surgical incision that will reduce the loss of documents and ensure the security of electronic documents of the company. With the continuous improvement and adoption of new ideas and innovation by the Borouge Company as salutary as the expansion of their market to form contractual relationships with partners from different geographic regions, it is necessary to keep a track on the company documents.

Evaluation of Three Different Types of Spectroscopy Lab Report

Evaluation of Three Different Types of Spectroscopy - Lab Report ExampleThe sample is then heated via flame, plasma or electrical energy this causes desolvation, liquefaction, vaporization and finally atomization (Sagi & Rathnam, 2013).Components include a) The light source which is usually a hollow cathode lamp. Atoms of different elements absorb specific wavelengths of light therefore in order to analyse a sample for a specific element, the light source used must correspond to the wavelength of that element. b) A compartment in which samples are atomised via (flame, black lead furnace, MHS cell, FIAS cell, FIMS cell). c) A monochromator that disperses the light. d) A detector, which measures the light intensity and amplifies the Signal. e) A display that shows the reading.AAS has various uses such as analysis of bodily fluids like blood and urine for grueling metal poisoning and monitoring of the environment by measuring levels of certain elements in lakes, food like fish and the air (Karabegov, 2011).Fluorescence is a photon emission process. submersion of light by some molecules causes movement of electrons from the ground state to an excited state. This excited molecule will return to a lower energy level by dispersing part of its energy. It will then return to the ground state by emission of a photon (fluorescence). As a result of this loss of energy, stokes paper bag is observed. Stokes shift is when there is a difference in wavelength of the absorption and emission spectra (Ge, et al., 2010)Only molecules containing a functional group which has the ability to absorb energy of a certain wavelength and re-emit it at a different but specific wavelength (fluorophore) will exhibit fluorescence (Ge, et al., 2010)a) The light source, an example of the first type used is the tungsten-halogen lamp and later on, mercury lamps were used. However, now xenon lamps are mainly used. b) A Monochromator used to select both the excitation and emission wavelength. c) Sample holders, the cuvette is placed in

Emergency Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

sine qua non Plan - Research Paper ExampleEmergency management process helps an organization or a society to reduce or mitigate the effect of disaster or an emergency. Emergency management includes training, planning, inspecting, conducting drills and interrogation equipment. Facility co-ordination and community wide activities are other major components of emergency management processes. Emergency management consideration describes several major operational functions. These functions ass be considered as emergency management elements. These are accusation and control, communications, property protection, life safety, recovery and restoration, community outreach, and administration and logistics. This report will describe tout ensemble the emergency management elements in terms of Richard Facility Management.Resource management, information analysis and decision making system in an emergency is referred as direction and control. The configuration of a specific direction and cont rol system is contingent upon several factors. Richard Facility management has own emergency medical technicians, fire team up and expert hazardous material team. The emergency management group of this facility management organization is responsible for the broad picture. This group manages and controls all the incident relate activities. On the other hand, the incident commander monitors technical aspects of the desired responses. This emergency management group supports the incident commander through effective resource apportionment process. The emergence management group of Richard facility Management organization is controlled by the emergency director. The emergency director of this organization holds the post of facility omnibus. The facility manager controls and commands all the aspects of several disasters or emergencies, such as fire, flood, tornado, workplace hazards and several critical accidents. Senior managers within the organization have the authority to

Health care law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Health care law - Coursework ExampleIn addition, Dr. Maxx could be accused of misrepresentation. Dr. Maxx state that her arm would be good as new. She can argue that statement was the basis for hiring Dr. Maxx and that was the determining factor.Connie arrived at Smallville General hospital ER via the local police. They in additionk her in because she was disheveled, urinating and defecating on herself. She was calling out to passersby You are the devil and I am going to stick my knife in your chest. The SBH doctor refused to treat her stating that his hospital did non accept involuntary psychiatric diligents. He advised the police to take her to Metropolis Psychiatric without given proper cause. Under the law, hospitals can deny rise to power if they are not properly staffed or equipped for psychiatric patients. To me there could be a liability issue for SBH.However, SBH can argue that it was acting with the patients best interest at heart. It was beneficial for het to go the o ther hospital. Doctor could use that defense that upon the brief contact with the patient he evaluated her and there were no sign of an emergency that would prevent her from taking the 75 miles drive to the other hospital.Connie was complyted to MPC and was forcibly administered medication. She was released after a week to the streets of Metropolis. MPC had the right to admit her and treatment, because she was a danger to her self and others. Based on her condition when she was picked up she clearly could not provide the bare necessities for herself.They kept her against her will for 1 week. MPC could be potentially held liable because state statutes typically allow for involuntary detention of psychiatric patients for a limited period ranging from 48-72 hours. Furthermore, they can be liable too for abandonment claim. Connies condition will be aggravated by the discharge because she requires further medical help. But MPC can say that they acted in

Leadership Development Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

Leadership Development - Dissertation ExampleChapter 1Introduction1.1. Purpose of the studyLeadership development needs organization managers, Whilst in the past, as our interrogation shows, most observers and experts had tended to view Leadership, and leadership development, as an independent area of consideration within the corporate structure, over the past two decades it has been increasingly seen to be an integral part of the total organization management system itself. Consequently, research often links the two areas together. There are an abundance of studies and research documents confirming this fact. These include that of Zaleznick (1977), who defined the leader as the person who brings about change, with the manager being the controller of those changes. Kotter (1990, p. 103) projected the view that management is about move with complexity. Leadership, by contrast is about coping with change. The purpose of this report is to pick up the validity of the hypothesis. 1.2. Specific ObjectiveThis central objective of this report is to examine the opening hypothesis in order to arrive at a conclusion as to its validity and importance. 1.3. DelimitationsFor the purpose of this report, we have limited our study to the unresolved as it relates to a commercial organization, in preference to organizations in the public or charitable sector, although in reality the same principles would form the basis for measure the successful future growth pattern for all of these structures. 1.4. SignificanceOur study covers the current thinking and research in respect of the leadership developments and its application in the corporate environment, including an analysis its importance and relevance. At the same time, we have reviewed and studied the research available regarding the... The literature will reveal how changes have occurred between these three elements, with the initial concept of management, which has been around since the early part of last century, is se en as the driving force behind the business.Later management was to lose its significance, giving instruction to the relatively new concept of leadership, with this taking a prominence in the thoughts of corporations and researchers alike. We will see how the views of business analysts and researchers for a period separated leadership and leadership development from management and conducted studies of these in these areas as almost diverse entities, emphasizing the differences between the two. For example, the School of Engineering and Electronics at the University of Edinburgh (1997), in their study on the subject, cogitate that Managing and leading are two different ways of organizing people. The manager uses a formal, rational method whilst the leader uses passion and stirs emotions.Dr. Paul Harborne (2001) and Stormy Friday (2002) within their various(prenominal) papers also emphasized differences that exist between these conceptions, stressing the importance that this repres ented in business terms. However, more research has moved away from these theories, suggesting now that in fact, there is an interrelationship between the leadership and management, and that a competitive and successful business is best achieved in an environment where leadership development and the organizations managers work in partnership.

Analyse a Brand Community of Your Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyse a Brand Community of Your Choice - Essay ExampleBrand communities are termed as really complex and its members are often known to relate their personal identity with a stigma community. Customer expectations and wants are largely characteristics of these brand communities (Wiegandt, 2009, p.15). The move over study would try to analyse the flavour of brand communities and particularly the brand community of apple. The choice of product assumes significance as it is wizard of the most noned brands of the globe and has a high brand image and popularity. Brand Community Brand communities have several characteristic features with the most prominent being the aspect of awareness of a particular type. This includes the aspect of sharing a set of common faith and beliefs among the members of the sort out within the group i.e., homogenous within the group and involved outside the group (Ratneshwar & Mick, 2005, p.256).The discussions in brand communities normally involves di scussion about the various aspects of only a particular brand. One of the online brand communities of Apple includes only aspects that are related to the brand. This includes advertisements and information about new products and company news. These do not contain any information about any brand other than Apple. The views and comments of the members are also essentially concentrated around the same aspect. This essentially is in tune with the aspect of homogeneity between the group members and heterogeneous with other groups. In this case the identity of the group members is masked by the identity of the brand and aspects relating to the brand assume greater importance (Schau & Muniz, 2002). Parsons & Maclaran (2009), state that one of the essential aspects and characteristic features of brand communities involve the instance of consumption based on collective traits. The example of the Apple brand and community is a very realistic example of this aspect. In the Apple community emph asis is only given on the common gratifys of the members of the brand which in this case is the love and interest about Apples products and services as well as other relevant information that is related to the brand as a safe and sound (Parsons & Maclaran, 2009, p.94). The aspect of ethical marketing is also closely linked with the brand communities. The importance of ethics in marketing activities has been rigorously researched in various academician and professional circles. The main goal of marketing activities is to increase the market share and marketers are known to use various means to do so. The era of rivalry has also increased the use of unethical aspects. Brand communities are an easy target for marketers considering their affinity towards a brand. However, ethical aspects need to be included so that the loyalty is maintained with the members of the community (Carrigan, Marinova & Szmigin, 2005, p.481-486). Apples marketing strategy is largely based on focussing upon the product and innovation associated with the products. The company does not try to go into sentimental issues and largely focuses on the product while promoting it in the market. These aspects go well with the communities of the brand that helps generate advantage for the organization. Brand communities

Do you believe that equity fund managers with a good knowledge of Essay

Do you believe that equity depot managers with a good knowledge of behavioural finance can consistently outperform the market on a risk-adjusted basis Give reas - Essay Exampley tries to point out that as the fund managers receive information they react spontaneously and update their briefs as soon as possible and also explains that given their briefs they need choices that are normatively acceptable1. Whereas, behavioural finance as mentioned is a sassy phenomenon which points out areas that are more towards reality because it tries to explain investors or the fund managers decisions by application of models and tools that takes into account the irrationality of the investors thus here, it tries to talk about what happens when fund managers do not update their briefs as quickly and also do not stay in the acceptable norms.The proponents of behavioural finance betoken that use of traditional pricing or valuing techniques such as capital asset pricing models, dividend discount mod els, relative valuation models etc. does not continuously explain why the excess returns have been earned at the end of the day by the investors in the light of the efficient markets, thus suggesting that if investors were rational and so these techniques would rightly project the prices and no security would have been traded excepting at their fair values. Whereas, behavioural finance attempts to points out the anomalies in the fair values and the decisions that fund managers make in the market. The flawed or the irrational human behaviour is a victim to the phenomena like herd mentality, contagion effect, loss aversion, extrapolation, hindsight bias and illusions of control2. Here aflame factors and intuition to a large extent are the decisive factors in trading.Some of the most likely occurrences that can lead to fund managers deviate from qualification rational decisions in the market include importance of playing safe compared to earning high risk significant gains and also following the herd versus relying on self. farm animal managers when offered a sure shot amount compared to something that is doubtful are more likely to accept the sure amount and forego any larger

Creation vs. Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Creation vs. Evolution - Essay ExampleThe design of the world demonstrates that there should be the designer and the humans are the key source of data to support this idea.The first movements in favor of creationism were defined as American Fundamentalist Protestantism. They started early in the nineteenth century as an opposition to the theories of Charles Darwin. His theories were comprehend as a direct threat to the scriptural writings and were thought to lead to the moral decay. The movement re-appeared in the after World War I period and creationists demanded the passage of the law to prohibit semipublic school instruction about Darwins evolution (Larson, 19).The manifestation of the movement in favor of creationism was the famous scalawag Trial (Scopes v State, 1927). It was the first time the evolution-creation arguments were presented in the court. The ruling was against the biology teacher who was convicted in teaching evolutionism. For the next 20 years, scientists have failed to provide liberal arguments to gain the dominance in the court. As the result, publishers of the biology books have taken out all of the information about evolution, Darwins theory was not taught at schools, and raze the name of the theory was avoided.However, after the Soviet Union has launched its first satellite in 1957 the evolutionists awaked and managed to pass the National Defense Education Act (1959) under which the biological Sciences with chapters on evolution and Darwins theory were placed in the books again. Moreover, the teacher Susan Epperson has appealed to the court with the request to turn down the ruling in Scopes v State. In the cheek Epperson v. Arkansas the court has ruled in favour of evolution. The ruling was based on the idea that prohibiting teachers from teaching the theory of evolution (doctrine that man ascended from the lower position animals) and exclusion of the textbooks containing chapters on the theory was unlawful (Gilkey, 48). The fac t that the theory of evolution has contradicted the belief in the lines written in the Book of Genesis does not fall upon the Bible the exclusive source of doctrine on the origin of human kind. In addition, the First Amendment prohibits the requirement to teach subjects of any religious dogmas in public schools. However, it is important to understand that students should be aware about the evolution theory of Darwin as well as about the Biblical version of creation. The question is not whether or not evolution should be taught at school, but rather which story has valid basis. As the result, the creationists have succeeded in requiring the equal time for Biblical and scientific studies. Interestingly, until the passage of Arkansas Act 590 named Balanced Treatment for Creation - Science and Evolution- Science Act the definitions of creation and evolution have never been referred to. capital of Minnesota Ellwanger, the head of the Citizens for Fairness in Education, has provided both definitions. Thus, the creation -science is scientific

Mental Health Policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mental Health Policy - Term Paper ExampleThe Medicaid and Medicare a times at a lower place pays in that money given to the infirmary is less than the one stated. This leads to bad debts. To solve this enigma the hospital will invest on alternative policies (Fawcett & Karban, 2005). The hospital has set up a policy in which the hospital will offer a membership plan at which one will allow to posses a membership card. In it annual contributions will be required and members will have to renew the membership cards. This will cut on the colony of the patients on the Medicare and Medicaid. This will have mutual benefits, in that it will reduce the problem of hospital incurring bad debts due to under payments by the Medicare and Medicaid. On the other hand the patients will be able to pay less also pay nothing in the case of minor illnesses.The other problem faced by the hospital includes the ability to diversify patients mix. The solution lies on, first creating sections in the hospi tal to deal with different complications. This will take place without creating an imprint that there is discrimination. There will be a well-trained costumer care to enable the hospital have a friendly look hence change magnitude the client base due to recommendations by those who visit it. Since the hospital main client bases are the elderly, the hospital will invest in a pediatric section to deal with complication relating to children. To reach out to the community mobile stations will be set a side and mobile doctors designate to enable services provided are of high quality. This will market the hospital to the entire region hence many will seek help to our hospital (Fawcett & Karban, 2005).To ensure inclusiveness of the entire community, hospital signs and labels will be in a language that involves the entire community. The staff will be taught different languages to enable substitute in understanding the patients complaints. The hospital will be able to provide and feel a t ease in

Compare and Contrast Army Ground Fleet Maintenance with Civilian Research Paper

Compare and Contrast force fundament clear Maintenance with Civilian Ground Fleet Maintenance - Research theme ExampleCivilian institutions conduct business with the aim of profit making while US Army is a non-profit generating government situation. This causes both similarities and differences in monetary value of activities performed in their respective fleet management systems. Below is a comparison and contrast between the two institutions.There is a couple of differences between the U.S. Army Ground Fleet Maintenance activities and the Civilian Ground Fleet Maintenance activities of organizations such as Coca Cola, Pepsi, etc. Some of these differences stem from a levelheaded perspective while others stem from operation activities undertaken in the military bases. Some of the notable differences include the military outsources its fleet management function to the industry including nevertheless tactical vehicles used by the military. For instance, the military in made a decision to outsource its fleet of M109 vehicles family (Paladin) that encompasses the M109 self-propelled howitzer & the M992 field vehicles supplying munition ammunition under the fleet management program (NDIA Staff, 1999). Further, under the same program, the manager is responsible all resources of technical nature ranging from field maintenance to educational activity hence making him responsible for the entire spare parts modernization, while soldiers control the daily maintenance activities.On the other hand, in the Civilian Ground Fleet Maintenance activities, outsourcing of the fleet management program is restricted to the organizations departments mandated to control and manage the company fleets, especially the transport department. For instance, unlike in the military where the function of outsourcing of maintenance services is a policy, in Civilian organization outsourcing of the maintenance activities is done in-house by the organizations workers e.g. in the case of Coca-Cola. Therefore, unlike in the military, Ground Fleet Maintenance activities are accomplished

Early years child care Essay Example for Free

Early years child care EssayBeing able to motivate members of staff is a progression towards this. As Mayo base with his workforce, if the staff felt valued, they were more willing to work harder and longer for their manager. Motivating the staff is by no government agency a simple task, as it means utilising a balance of both people and interpersonal skills. These skills can be grouped into various management styles and each member of staff will necessitate the manager to adapt the style according to their own personality. The setting, which is the subject of this work, provides a good example of the various styles of management needed in order to administer the workforce.One member of staff is very carefree and relaxed in her work and therefore needs an autocratic, or coercive management style. She is, however, always willing to do as she is told and thrives on carrying out instructions as they are given. Were the manager to employ a laissez-faire approach here, the jobs all(prenominal)ocated to this member of staff would not produce done. To examine this in more detail, just one of the managers duties is to ensure that craft supplies are adequately stocked. As with many of the managers tasks, this is one that can be delegated to another(prenominal) member of staff.This particular worker is given this task to do and due it being given to her as a direct instruction, she is happy to proceed with enthusiasm and little procrastination. If, however a more laissez-faire approach were used, she could feel that the task was not important and may leave it until such a quantify as she chose to do it. These skills and qualities of the manager are familiar with Herzbergs (1968) two factor theory of motivation. He recognised that offering staff the opportunity of achievement, recognition, involvement, responsibility and empowerment, is the way of life to true motivation (Dale, 1992).This is the opinion of Ridderstrale and Nordstrom. In early years leadershi p it is particularly important. The manager constantly has to implement change, often following government legislation. It is the fictitious character of the manager, as the leader to ensure all staff members can adjust to these new implementations, instead of clinging on to methods previously followed. The manager of the chosen nursery has an good method of executing change. If the change has occurred at nursery level, the chances are it has arisen and been discussed during a staff meeting.If the changes come from elsewhere, for example, a government paper, the manager would first address the goad of the change, before deciding on a course of action. The agenda for meetings is always displayed onto a notice board for all the staff to view. If the change is one that does not require immediate action, it will be added to the board, next to the agenda. However, should it be necessary to act immediately, then a meeting will be called, either with all the staff, or with individual me mbers accordingly.

Trends In Merchandizing Essay Example for Free

Trends In Merchandizing EssayOver several years ago, bitufacturers and retailers have been putting more emphasis and placing change magnitude importance on the in-stock merchandizing and marketing. Since mid 1990s, the tellingness of traditional marketing has really declined. Also the competition between retailers and channels has been increasing which have been treated as the factors in driving the trend.According to Bishop Willard in October two hundred2, he noned that more consumers make around 70% of all purchasing decisions while in gunstock shop. This has been the main reason as to why entrepots are the red-hot platforms for brand marketing while the difficulties in delivering effective in store solutions for merchandizing increases, and also the unavoidableness to consume state-of-the art merchandizing software capable of strategizing, planning, visualizing and communicating such solutions arises (Varien 2001, pg 45). Interactive edge in merchandizing has built many interactive sales applications for the top consumer tract goods manufacturers for about ten years ago. Since the year 2002, there has been an increase in demand for interactive requests which focused entirely on planning and communicating merchandizing solutions. The great power to create account specific market plans is precise crucial because each node has specialized schedules, strategies, programs, objectives and store and market conditions.Marketing plans are ideally back up by customer and category insights, analysis of promotion that speak in the situation of the customer, sales goals and brand information. The marketing plans that are informed by customer insights and account specific category have greatest impact in setting the stage for activities in merchandizing. In any marketing planning, it is important to implement the existing opportunities and conditions for each customer by first assessing the customers current merchandizing solution. Smart muckles have faked thousands of dollars of continual changing inventory on day-after-day basis. The firms implementd buyers should act on a moments notice to buy a wide range of high property products at unexpected discounts. At the midst of controlled disorders at the core of this changing business, smart bargains required a solution to enable buyers, senior executives and planners to report and manage future and historical merchandize plans in a responsive, efficient and highly flexible manner. Smart bargains has turned to Envisa to implement and architect a business intelligence rooms through use of Microsoft server 200 analysis and Microsoft table in excel. The solution which leveraged merchandizing data mart had been developed during earlier incentive which provided smart bargain with a powerful reporting architecture that untied business users from the need to make complex questions in custom report writing. Merchandizing strategy creation does not imply a complete decorator make ove r. In order to enhance customers image of store, one should perceive his own store the way the customers slang it and provide the customers with their requirements. According to research by Russel M who is a retail hardware operator, the consequences of a customer satisfaction survey came up with seven aspects customers involve their hard ware stores to play for them.The customers require hardware stores to offer services which are special, make enjoyable obtain, have provision of one stop shopping destination, help them to save time, help them to save money, assist them crack to understand d-i-y projects, and also make shopping easy (Phelps 1963, pg 78). At global shop, retail heading experts, annual retail design exposition co-produced by design ideas and display conducted studies on why and how todays consumer shop and also how a store can merchandize its goods so as to best meet the customers requirements.Those designers came up with emerging merchandizing trends to assist the retailers in all firms and industries to provide their customers with the kind of shopping experience they need. It is very important to keep up to date with these trends because as the number of shopping choice in the market grows, clients will find the most enjoyable and straightforward experience for shopping. This is also a better way of reaching ones stores changing customer base. This includes more shoppers of females and also the next shoppers multiplication who would expect more interactive and entertaining shopping experience. In order to maintain home improvement shoppers from shifting to other shopping alternatives like full-size boxes, the internet and mass merchandisers, the retailers require incorporating an updated merchandizing strategy so as to cultivate customer loyalty and sales based on preferences of consumers. Some of the emerging trends, with expand on how the home improvement industry is incorporating these trends are outlined below.Accommodation for shoppers need for entertainment competing with the increasing popularity of increasing sales during an uncertain miserliness and internet shopping one the only two major factors that drive the todays trend towards entertainment in retailing according to Schaffner K who is the publisher of design ideas and displays searching for ways to get customers to interact with the produced products is the core of the retail tainment concept, according to Schaffner. He added that this strategy does not hurt while conducting it. much(prenominal) thinking was behind sears new tool territorial dominion format which so far has implemented in 131 stores of mall nation wide with around 200 additional stores slated for format incorporation this year ( bell ringer 1963, pg 85). The tool territory concept was created from consumers point of view and its caters to how the stores target clients male-d-i-years-prefers to stores. The purpose of designing the tool territory was to be an interactive playgr ound for men according to Costello Larry who is a senior manager in communications for sears. He further explains that, sears created a tusk soak up to research for customers requirements and expectations especially when shopping for tools. The study concluded that, individuals want to interact with tools and also experience their features in the stores.In incorporating these hands on approach to buying tools, sears have positioned a strategy of try me stations in several locations within the hardware department. For instance, if a client is deciding which occurrence to purchase, like hammer, he or she can first try it our by hitting it on a free standing metal spike that has been located in front of hammer display. Prospective buyers of power drills can pick up on the drills displayed outside the boxes on light displays with signed, and use it to make a hole in a well placed block of wood (Shilburg 2003, pg 231). With all consumer packed goods or items available and the notice a ble changes in effective displays of merchandizing and the market place promotions, it becomes very hard for a consumer to come up with proper decisions. Manufacturers and retailers should start to cut through this clutter by having simplified shopping experiences the latest research conducted from the information researchers has not covered the early indicators that point to consumer centric approach to emerging merchandizing consequently, merchandizing as it is defined today is likely to endure major of transformations.By considering the emerging trend, trends report and the latest times and also the growing demand for a consumer centric approach, the worlds largest provider of opening market information services and solutions for the customer package goods, health care industries and retail, explores trends in practicing merchandizing, including displays, new practices of innovations like manufacturers embark up on this transformation, customer box goods and temporary price redu ctions. As the retailers reduce the mart display space, manufacturers require innovative merchandizing devices that should have a stress to the importance of consumer centric merchandizing to provide more profitable rewards in order to feature and complete space during the next several years. Marketers should step up merchandizing innovation in have the shopping experience simplified, to have a break through the clatter and have better alignment with consumer segments and their patterns of shopping. The Information Resources Inc report aimed at helping the consumer packaged goods manufacturers and retailers to see new risks and opportunities that will arise with the new trends of merchandizing so that they can be able to act on the insights with confidence and speed and win at the shelf (Beck man 1967,pg 421). For the past several years, merchandizing activity has been declining in more than half of all the customer packaged goods categories as the CPG marketers start to realize th at, more of anything is not better with respect to merchandizing. Through development of new store formats and pronounced focus on perimeter upscale and departments, uncluttered layouts, a competition for shrinking grocery display space has intensified for various categories. Merchandizing is perceived as an effective sales driver as the majority of consumer categories gain an average volume organize of around fifty percent or more with around 25 percent reacting 100 percent when the tactics of merchandising are applied.ReferencesBeckman T, (1967). Marketing. New York.Brand E, (1963). Modern Supermarket Operation. New York.Phelps D, (1936).Migration of Industry to South America. New York.Shilbury D, (2003). Strategic Sport Marketing. Crows Nest.Varley R, (2001), Retail Product Management in Buying and Merchandising. London.

The Tell Tale Heart E. A. Poe Essay Example for Free

The Tell Tale Heart E. A. Poe EssayThe Tell Tale Heart is one of Edgar Allan Poes famed tales of macabre d skim. umpteen of his short stories include delusional characters, insanity and many abominable goals. The Tell Tale Heart is no different. In a set-back person taradiddle we follow a man mans mind with suspense and horror. Im not unrestrained fights back the fabricator alone the obsession with an old mans center of attention takes control, ending with a gruesome death.Maybe this is similar to Poes lifestyle, in which he became an alcoholic, drug addict and picked up maniacal tendencies. The storyteller defends himself to put his own mind at res, all over his own accusations that hes mad. His mind is taken over from an eye, which assembled that of a vulture.When hes relaxed he enjoys telling us the story, but the next line could be back to his nervous, conscious, sadistic-self. Is he mad? Does he kill? Will he get caught? These are all headsprings we can ask as e ach line contradicts the next. Poe is keeping us in suspense. Its the feeling of anxiety. Where, what or when will something happen next? Suspense is kept through out the story, and starts at the first lineTrue Nervous VERY, very(prenominal), abominably nervous.Why is the narrator nervous? The indorser is going too want to read on to find the answer. Dashes, commas and a use of a rhetorical question implies the narrator is addressing the reader in a dramatic manner. The commas and dashes also averse down the pace of the first line. This will leng then the first line, keeping the reader in suspense. The rhetorical questionWhy will you say that I am mad?addresses the reader. Although rhetorical the read wants to answer, but doesnt know the answer. This is another carriage of life in which Poe drives the reader wanting to read on.Poe changes the pace of the story. Sometimes, very slack offly and other times very fast. This is all to create suspense. As you can find oneself su spense plays an important part in the story.I undid the lantern cautiously oh, so cautiously, so cautiously cautiously (for the hinges creaked) I undid it just so much that a single ray fell upon the eye.This is an example of where the pace is slow. Deliberate pauses emphasise his confidence and cunningness. The line also portrays the time-taking actions of the narrator, displaying his credence. He uses repetitive word choice (cautiously) not just to slow the line down but also to show hes a perfectionist. Dashes and commas are also used to keep the sentence at an easygoing pace. Another example of where the facilitate is slow isFor a whole hour I did not move a muscle and in the meantime I did not hear him lie down. He was still sitting up in bed find outing, just as I had done, night after night, hearkening to the death watches in the wall.The narrator is waiting for the right opportunity, once again stressing his cautiousness. The narrator did not move a muscle in an hour, obvisously portraying the image of the slow moving pace. The line also tells us it was a planned murder. Another example of him showing us his cunning isWhen I had waited a long time, very patiently, without hearing him lie down, I resolved to open a little a very, very little crevice in the lantern. So I assailable it you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily until, at length, a single dim ray, like the thread of a spider.Time also goes fast within the story. For exampleIn an instant I dragged him to the floor I then smiled gaily, to find the deed so far done.This is the description of the death of the old man. These are the only elaborate the narrator tells us, implying hes a perfectionist. We retrieve this view of the narrator because of the swift speed of which he kills the old man. The narrator is also a sadistic person, due to the way he smiled gaily after the quick death. Other examples of a quick pace are towards/ at the end.Villans I shrieked, dissemble no more I admit the deed tear up the planks here, here it is the beating of his hideous heart.From the final line of the story we have the impression hes mad because of the way he admits the deeds. Short sentences, which are straight to the point, increase the pace of the text. Also, due to the fast pace, it implies he has lost the control, the perfection and intelligence he once had.Poe uses and mentions time a lot in the story. He changes the pace to achieve the different effects. From the waiting of the old man to sleep to the breakdown of the narrator. The difference paces are varied. This is because if the pace were slow throughout, the story would become tiresome to the reader. If the pace was of a fast speed the reader would not be able to grasp the entire story, miss part out and even forget segments.Poe repeats words a great deal in the story. Creating the effect that the narrator is panicking or even to emphasise something. In the beneathmentioned line he uses the repetition t o emphasise his confidence and cunning.I undid the lantern cautiously oh, so cautiously cautiously (for the hinges creaked) I undid it just so much that a single ray fell upon the vulture eye.The narrator is also under the impression that he has planned, and now performing the perfect crime.It grew quicker and quicker, and louder and louder every instant.The speed of the old mans heartbeat creates a traumatic experience for the narrator affecting his mind, upsetting to him but the narrator shows us his guilt. Where Poe repeats words, the pace tends to be quicker creating a dramatic scene. As mentioned earlier the narrator seems to be a sadistic character, other evidence of thishe had found all in vain. All in vain because Death, in approaching himThe repetivtive phrase, all in vain, tells us of the narrators joy at the old mans terrified state. He also used a uppercase D in death. This implies he is using the word death as a name, suggesting he is death. The repetition of words and in-depth descriptions show us how precise the narrator is. The commas and dashes indicate an intensity of emotions.Poe uses noises to create atmosphere in the story. Such noises are the sound of the old mans heart beating louder and louder. The phrase is repeated through our, suggesting that the narrator is becoming guiltier and guiltier. It also implies that the narrator weakness has got the better of him because he then confesses his guilt in committing the brutal murder. Poe uses other phrases to convey the guiltiness of the narrator such asIt was a low, dull, quick sound such as a sound as a watch makes enveloped in cotton.This is repeated simile that accentuating the narrators guilt conscious.Poe sometimes uses sounds to create the effect of a horror scenefor the hinges creakedBefore this the narrator was describing his consciousness, implying the surroundings were silent. Then they hear the hinges creaking reminding the reader of the hellish, horror-type story. Of cours e, this would make the reader curious of whos behind the door.Poe uses evil words in the story such as hell, murdered etc. This is to add and emphasise the fear and terror of the story. It also emphasises the old mans feelings.I heard many things in hell.This shows us the madness of the narrator and confines his sadistic character. Apart from evil word choices he uses evil phrases. After the narrator viscously murdered the old man I then smiled gaily.At some points of The Tell Tale Heart you are under the impression that the narrator has done it before. This is because he seems so calm and relaxed describing how he killed him. After the death he deposited the body. Deposited in this sense would imply a stony or ruthless person. This is how he makes the death disgusting. Not just by describing the horrific violence I cut off the head, the arms and then the legs.but by the emotionless way the narrator tell us, as if this was his job or a day-to-day activity.Throughout the story, he d efends himself of madness. He tries doing this by describing the eye (the reason for the death) revoltingly.One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture.The old man is being described as a greedy, ruthless person. He continues to describe the eye as if it made his blood run cold. This makes the eye sound evil and he tries to construct a valid reason for killing him.Poe has written the story in a first person narrative, making us apart of the story.but why will you say that I am mad?The use of the rhetorical question suggests the narrator is addressing the reader in a dramatic method. He brings us into a conversation and grabs our attention straight away making us want to read on. By addressing the reader it also makes the story more realistic. This question is repeated throughout trying to persuade us to thinking hes not. He makes us form opinions and answers. Another example of where Poe drags us into the story isAnd now have I told you what youOther reasons for addressing the reade r is a plea for us to listen and pay attention.Poe has the murderer tell us the story. this is mainly for realism, suspense and to hear the unusual, murderers point of view. The story would also create more dramatic impact on the reader. The reader may also feel that the narrator is putting a lot of trust into the reader, because the narrator is describing the death in great depth. Due to the first person narrative we would have more information and details, whilst gaining a better knowledge of how his mind works.The Tell Tale Heart grips the readers imagination, by mysterious and unforeseeable behaviour. The reader decides to read on as the narrator shows an intensity of emotions and feelings from one paragraph to the next. At the beginning of the story we see an obsessive man over an old mans eye. From the obsession of the eye we get the feeling of a mentally disturbed or mad man.Although he may be disturbed, he is a confident, personal person, which suggests a split personality. Towards the end he reveals more information, but were still left with questions to ask. The slip of information indicates the narrator losing his confidence. Other examples include the ceaseless crescendo beat of the heart. The narrator finally breaks down due to the paranoia as the police come to the slaughterhouse. Suspense is produced by the array of emotions, and irrational behaviour as the unpredictable story continues.The Tell Tale Heart shows an excessive man where a vulture eye haunts him. The mysterious obsession with an old mans eye leads to a gruesome death. Then we see the narrators sadistic behaviour. The story ends with the narrator breaking down.The narrators unpredictable feelings maintain the readers interest and suspense. The Tell Tale Heart compels the reader to read on to find out whats happening next. The narrator experiences feelings of confidence and joy (possibly because hes sadistic) on certain occasions but he can soon metamorphose into an adjitated and anxious man. The narrator speaks with a relaxed, confident tone, which can some times turn into arrogance. As the story moves on, we witness the loss of control he then displays irrational and sinister behaviour.

Media Rights for Barclays Premier League in Singapore

Media Rights for Barclays atomic number 61 unite in capital of capital of Singapore1. Background InformationIn 1998, StarHub first introduced the face Premier League to Singapore and has constantly secured publicise rights for the past 12 years.During that period, local telecommunications rival, SingTel, has launched their own pay-TV service named mio TV on July 2007, polarity its intention to rival StarHub to be the nations main pay-TV provider.In 2008, SingTel make its first step by securing the media rights to the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League from 2009 to 2012. With the rights for these prestigious European football feeble competitions, more StarHub pay-TV customers were forced to sign up with SingTels mio TV to satisfy their needs.One year on, in October, SingTel rocked the nation by announcing their victory in the nameding war for the media rights for the English Premier League, which is known now as the Barclays Premier League, from 2011 to 2013. The v ictory was greeted with dismay from many football fans, as they now concur to make the jump from StarHubs pay-TV everywhere to mio TV to get their dosage of English football. This effectively closing curtained StarHubs 12-year broadcasting rights of the league, which would certainly result in a cliff of subscribers in time to come.2. get of the ReportThis report aims to identify the various economic concepts shown in the textbook, and show how they be applic qualified in the actual business world using the decisions of StarHub and SingTel as examples.3. The Art and cognition of stinting Analysis3.1 The Economic ProblemIn the article, it is clearly identified that the resources which led to Starhub bringing in the Barclays Premier League (BPL) to Singapore are human capital and the entrepreneurial ability of the firm.Human capital was shown in the form of knowledge they had on the wants of the locals, and the entrepreneurial ability of StarHub do them affirm that they could profit from this project.It was exactly the same two factors that led SingTel to wrestle for the BPL media rights from StarHub. Having observed the huge economic benefits StarHub enjoyed with the monopoly of the BPL media rights in Singapore, SingTel realized they too, would profit hugely from the ownership of the BPL media rights.Thus, SingTel launched a swordplay to rival StarHub for the rights, which sparked off a bidding war between the two telecommunications firm. Eventually, SingTel earned the rights to broadcast the leagues game for the next 3 years, starting from 2010.3.2 The Science of Economic AnalysisSingTels decision to foray into the Pay-TV grocery store and especially, the market for televised merriments like soccer is not due to a normative economic statement, or opinion, made by their staff. Instead, it has been based on a positive economic statement, which is backed by concrete facts.The decision to break throughbid StarHub for the BPL media rights was greeted by the stock market with changes to the appoint prices of both firms. StarHubs price dived 16 cents to a low of $2.01 before closing at $2.03 yesterday. SingTels share price rose from $3.25 to $3.31 before closing at $3.28. (A safe and sound new ball game in pay-tv market, 2009, October)This supports the statement that the local market for the BPL is lucrative, as the stock market has made changes to reflect the expected future gains of SingTel, and the foreseen dismission of StarHub.Having said so, the change in the share prices are definitely in response to SingTels successful bid, thus eliminating the possibility that the fallacy that association is causation was committed.4. Economic Tools and Economic Systems4.1 Three Economic QuestionsOf course, before the bid was launched, SingTel had to know what to do should they win the bid. Hence, the three economic questions learned in Microeconomics come into play. Firstly, SingTel has identified the broadcasting of Barclays Premier League matches as a service they wish to provide to the nation.Secondly, the launch of mio TV in 2007 paved the way for the bid, with SingTel in the clear that they would do the mio TV as a portal to broadcast programmes, especially the BPL games in the future.With the above two questions answered, SingTels ultimate aim was to over piece of tailvas StarHub as the nations leading pay-TV provider. Hence, their direct market would be the existing subscribers to StarHubs pay-TV, and more notably, the huge number of subscribers to the BPL games and early(a) sports programmes.4.2 Negative Spillover CostsNegative spillover costs have been incurred with SingTels foray into the local pay-TV market. This is support by the article which mentioned that SingTels foray into pay TV which split the football content which previously all resided with StarHub actually fuelled soccer fans ire.Thanks to competition between the duo, they said, football fans have to sign up for both StarHub and Sin gTels pay-TV services to enjoy all of the matches they had previously received when StarHub was the sole pay-TV player. (A whole new ball game in pay-tv market, 2009, October)With that, it is clear that the move by SingTel has not gone down well with sports subscribers of StarHubs pay-TV and has created unnecessary inconvenience.5. Economic Decision Makers5.1 The FirmThe answers from the three economic questions, that is to enjoin what service to produce, how and who to produce the service for, reiterates the fact that SingTel is a firm, just like StarHub.Firms are economic units created by entrepreneurs looking to earn funds through the combining of the various resources to produce a good or provide a form of service.A more specific term to describe SingTel and StarHub are that they are separate corporations. Corporations are one of the most highly-valued forms of business, often equipped with significant financial power. Funds can be reard quickly through the deal of the corp orations stocks, which in like manner leads to the company having an array of stockholders.Behind the strong financial wealth are several drawbacks. Firstly, stockholders are unable to have a significant say in the operations of the corporations with their votes making up only a minority. Instead, a board of directors is often entrusted with the job of making corporate decisions with their bigger shares. Corporate income is also taxed twice, resulting in more profits being used to pay taxes.Despite that, corporate incomes are often huge sums of money, and the taxes would not be able to regard it much.6. Demand, bring home the bacon and Markets6.1 Demand, Supply and Market Equilibrium for SingTels mio TVFor SingTels mio TV, the demand and supply emergences by the same value. The sum up in demand is attributed to the successful bid of SingTel for the Barclays Premier Leagues media rights. With the media rights, SingTel is able to broadcast the BPL games on their pay-TV service. T his would cause a significant increase in the subscribers for mio TV as the subscribers want their dosage of BPL football. This is in line with the penchant and preferences of the subscribers, which is a determinant of demand. Hence, there will be a rightward shift for demand.The change in supply for SingTels mio TV is due to SingTels expectations on the future prices of their sports package, which is a determinant of supply. With the hype for the BPL matches present now, it would bring along sales for the sports package. However, in a years time, people might be more interested in other sporting yetts, and the BPL matches would not appeal as much to the public.As a result, SingTel would then have to reduce their prices to increase sales as the sport package would turn into a luxury product, instead of a necessity. This would see a leftward shift for supply.With an identical shift in the demand and supply curve, the proportion price will remain the same.6.2 Demand, Supply and Mar ket Equilibrium for StarHubs pay-TVFor StarHubs pay-TV, a fall in demand has been observed. This is a result of their failure to continue providing Singapore with the BPL matches on their pay-TV service. As such, consumers desperate for their fix of football decided to make the jump to SingTels mio TV due to their taste and preference for the BPL matches. This is the determinant of demand that causes the fall in demand.There is no change reflected in the supply curve as the channels in the sports package are still present. However, the only fight is the removal of the BPL content. Hence, there is no change in supply.As such, the equilibrium price has reduced to account for the fall in demand.7. Elasticity of Demand and Supply7.1 Price ElasticityFor many Singaporeans, the Barclays Premier League matches are not considered as a necessity to them. Hence, the demand of SingTels sports package is more price plastic to the general public. This means that they are very antiphonary to cha nges in the price plans for the matches, and would be unlikely to sign up for the package should it be too pricey.However, to the football fans in the nation, it is a content they are not able to live without. Therefore, the demand of the package is less price elastic to them, suggesting they are not responsive to price changes. This indicates that they would be willing to sign up for the package, regardless of the change in price.7.2 Income elasticityWith the nation recovering quickly from the economic recession, as seen from the new-made reports stating that Singapores economy expanded at a stunning pace of 19.3 per cent in the second quarter of 2010. (Singapore economy zooms 19.3% in Q2, 2010, July), the money income of consumers has risen.To them, SingTels sports package is a normal good, as compared to StarHubs sports package, which has been deemed as an inferior good. This is highly due to SingTels success in securing the media rights for the BPL games, which allows them to b roadcast the BPL games and other related programmes on mio TV.Thus, with the increase in money income of consumers, they would be more willing to purchase the sports package launched by SingTel.8. Production and Cost8.1 Costs in the Long Run and Economies of ScaleFirstly, the successful bid for the BPL media rights and ESPN Star Sports brought an increase to the amount of channels available for mio TV. This would indicate an increase in the output by SingTel.Next, average cost for SingTel decreases as they would see an increase in subscribers, especially with football fans rushing to sign up for their sports package. This would cover up the cost incurred between q and qa.Lastly, with the increase in customers for SingTels mio TV service, they would have to increase their plant size to cater to the increase in demand. The plant size could increase in the form of having more service centers around the island, with more technicians and customer service officers hired to meet demands. T his would open up the opportunity to create a more extensive division of labour, reflected from qa to q.In the long run, SingTels decision to take over as the easy lay broadcaster of BPL content would enable them to earn a tidy sum of profit. SingTel was not afraid of suffering losses even though StarHub reported that they lose money from providing sports content to pay-TV customers. (A whole new ball game in pay-tv market, 2009, October)They knew that as they were the only pay-TV operator showing BPL content, they would be able to benefit from the media rights with business opportunities coming in from all over the market, including advertising and partnership deals.8.2 Explicit and Implicit CostsIn the case of SingTel, they have incurred both explicit and implicit costs in their decision to outbid StarHub for the BPL media rights. The explicit costs incurred are the money spent on bidding for the exclusive media rights for the Barclays Premier League and the cost of operating mio TV.The implicit costs, also known as the opportunity cost incurred, would be the reduction of their budgets to spend on other genres of programmes. This reduces their ability to bid for other genres of programmes such as primetime blockbusters.9. Oligopoly Duopoly9.1 Barriers to EntryWith only two pay-TV operators in Singapore, the oligopoly could be identified as a duopoly. A duopoly is a form of oligopoly where only two dominant players are present in a market.As with all kinds of market structure, barriers to entry are in hindquarters to deter additional competition. Firstly, there is a high-start up cost involved to enter the pay-TV industry. With bids starting from six-figure sums, a lack of start-up funds would certainly spell the end of the new company as they would not be able to compete with the financial power of StarHub and SingTel.Secondly, StarHub and SingTel have been around for some time, establishing a reputation along the way. The general public is more accustome d to these brands, and any new entrants to the pay-TV market would find it hard to persuade customers to switch to their service. This is true till they are able to force competition through providing exclusive content that the customers demand or other attractive deals.In the case of SingTels mio TV, their original entry to the industry back in 2007 was tough as StarHub was the only established player in the market. SingTels mio TV was finally able to garner the support of customers when they secured the rights to the elite European football competitions.Lastly, the new entrants would probably suffer losses early on, as a large output is required before low production costs can be achieved. This is also known as the economies of scale.The economies of scale would not benefit the new entrants as it takes time to establish high economies of scale. This would put them at a disadvantage as they are unable to effectively compete with the other pay-TV providers.9.2 Price LeadershipPrice leadership refers to a player in the market that establishes a price for the rest of the industry to abide to. The player that sets the market price is usually one of the forerunners in the industry, and others in the market would follow suit. This is effective to avoid price competition as everyones prices will be kept the same.In the case of SingTel, after they have taken over the media rights for the BPL games from StarHub, pressure was inflicted by the public for prices to remain the same. Fans feared that a change in ownership of the rights would cause a hike in the price for BPL matches, due to the exorbitant bid made by SingTel for the rights.Hence, SingTel agreed to maintain the same price that StarHub used to charge for their sports package, appeasing the public. Thus, price competition was not present in this scenario.$25 one thousand thousandStarHub pay-TVSingTel mio TVRaiseRaiseMaintainMaintain$25 billion$20 million$20 million$20 million$25 million$20 million$25 millio n9.3 Game TheorySingTels huge bid for the Barclays Premier League media rights was not made without any form of theory. Instead, SingTel and StarHubs bids for the BPL media rights could be equal by the game theory. In the game theory presented above, the figures used are generic as the actual bid was not disclosed to the public.The objective of the game theory is to avoid the worst possible outcome, which in this scenario, is losing the bid for the rights. Hence, neither SingTel nor StarHub would think of maintaining their current bid. This is because if the other party decides to raise their bid, it would effectively rule them out of the competition.Thus, neither side would maintain their bid, ruling out the option of both parties maintaining their bids. As such, the only likely choice would be for both telecommunications firm to raise their bid.The difference was that SingTel decided to raise their bid significantly, which outweighed StarHubs raised bid with ease. Hence, SingTel obtained the media rights for the Barclays Premier League.10. ConclusionIn conclusion, SingTel has come a long way to achieve its end of defeat StarHub as Singapores dominant pay-TV operator in sports. When SingTel first started, they experienced difficulties attracting customers as they were unable to rival what StarHub was able to offer to its subscribers.It was only when they obtained the broadcasting rights for the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Europa League that football-mad customers decided to make the switch to SingTels mio TV. A year ago, SingTel stepped up its attempt to overtake StarHub by outbidding the latter for the BPL media rights for the next three years.Their successful bid enabled them to be the new price leader in the industry, and many football fans from StarHub made the jump from StarHubs pay-TV to SingTels mio TV to get their fix of football. This led to an increase in demand of SingTels mio TV, and a fall in demand for StarHubs pay-TV.Looking at the long t erm benefits, SingTels costs have been reduced due to an increase in the economies of scale, through establishing more service centers and hiring more workers to meet the increased demand.With a huge number of customers making the switch from StarHub pay-tv to SingTel mio TV due to their need for football, it has allowed SingTel to overtake StarHub as the nations dominant pay-TV operator in sports.