AMEX vs NASDAQ - Similarities and Differences Assignment

AMEX vs NASDAQ - Similarities and Differences - Assignment Example To start off both Amex and NASDAQ are companies that are based on the stock market. Both handle major clients and conduct transactions with many different exchanges. Both also deal with the buying and selling of stocks. As regards to the popularity, each is widely known and capitalizes on their investors.While similarities exist, both corporations do have obvious differences. The major point of difference is that Amex uses floor exchange methodology; a specialist system with a centralized limit order book while NASDAQ employs an electronic listing of competing dealer quotes. This difference leads on to other differences such as transaction processing time (slower in the case of Amex) and efficiency.As mentioned earlier the AMEX is an order-driven continuous auction market, the foundation stone of which are the market makers or â€Å"specialists†. The work of the specialists is to facilitate continuous trading by posting quotes for their own account or by offering the best quot es on their limit order book, which represent a centralized depository for limit orders to buy or sell stocks at specified rates or better. Limit orders provide immediate liquidity and their importance on the AMEX can be judged by the fact that nearly 88% of the volume on AMEX arises from trades in which the specialists do not participate for their own account. But specialists in the AMEX are not allowed to trade ahead of limit orders at the same prices so their quotes usually reflect the limit order book. The result is temporarily stale limit prices (in the initial stages) after public announcements. This slow updating of limit orders can delay revisions in the best bid and ask quotes.

Reasons For Legalising Euthanasia Sociology Essay

Reasons For Legalising Euthanasia Sociology Essay What is euthanasia? There are a lot of definitions of euthanasia which have the similar meanings with each other, and here are some definitions from different say. From Medicine Net.com The word euthanasia comes straight out of the Greek eu, goodly or well + thanatos, death = the good death and for 18th-century writers in England that was what euthanasia meant, a good death, a welcome way to depart quietly and well from life. (Medical Net.com, Medical dictionary) From Answer.com The act or practice of ending the life of an individual suffering from a terminal illness or an incurable condition, as by lethal injection or the suspension of extraordinary medical treatment. (Answer.com, the worlds leading QA site) From wiseGEEK Euthanasia is the process of painlessly helping a terminally ill person to die. (wiseGEEK) Legalization of euthanasia The legalization of euthanasia is not common, it still cause intense debate among people. Up to now, there are two countries accept the legalization of euthanasia, Netherland and Belgium. Netherland is the first country that legalizes euthanasia, the House of Representatives in Netherland approved the proposed law of euthanasia on the 28th of November in 2000 and, finally the Senate in Netherland allowed the legalization of euthanasia on the 10th April in 2001. Belgium is the second country that approves the legalization of euthanasia. After two days debate, the lower house of the Belgian parliament approved the bill by 86 votes in favors, 51 against and with 10 abstentions. The Belgian parliament finally passed law partially legalizing euthanasia in 2002. Though these two countries allow euthanasia and mercy killing that carry out by doctors, they set up strict rules to govern it. For examples, the person who request to euthanize must be conscious and he or she must has suffered from the prolonged physical and mental pains of terminal illness, more than one medical opinion are needed to approve each case of euthanasia. Moreover, actually there are some places which are allow people to commit some kinds of euthanasia. For instance, physician-assisted suicide is allowed in Swiss, doctor can remove patients respirator in some special cases and, terminal patients are allowed to decide continue the treatment or not by themselves in Denmark. On the other hand, there are still lots of countries fight against the legalization of euthanasia, including Italy, Vatican, Russia, German and Britain..etc. Reason for euthanasia There are a number of reasons for euthanasia, including the pains that the patients suffered, the dead life that patients had, the family suffers and the economic burden to the society. More detailed explanations will carry out in the following paragraphs: The prolonged pain that the patients suffered People always say life is a divine gift to everyone, gifts should be enjoyable, and people should live enjoyably. However, for those who suffer from terminal illness, they have no hopes and they suffered from the great physical and metal pains in every moment, they are not enjoying their life, but being torturing. For those terminal illness patients, living can be a torture and euthanasia is an ideal way to die, people can die without any pains. So why dont people choose to die peacefully rather than live with pains? Prolonged death is not life Comatose patient or vegetable refer to person who is physically alive but mentally inactive. They cant move, cant do anything but just in coma condition all the time, it is not a life real indeed. Though they might recover, the probability is very small. Without own thinking and the ability to move, that means they are not really living. The pain and pressure that the patients family suffered Although terminal patients and vegetable are always being take care by the nurse and doctors and live in the hospital, it doesnt mean that their family members no need to take care of them. Since the staffs are not only take care of one terminal patient, so they can provide limited care only. For example, terminal patients and vegetable needs peoples care, it is important to have somebody talk to them even they cant response, thats what their family have to do. It is not difficult to imagine how tired they are keeping go to the hospital everyday and sometimes might be have to go there several times per day. So, euthanasia is not only a way to escape for the patients, but their family as well. Economic burden to the society As the report mentioned above, prolonged death is not life, so it is necessary for people to consider continue spending money on those patients or not. Terminal patients and comatose have a very low chance to recover, however, the medical expenses for maintaining their life is quite heavy. Generally, the expense for a comatose is $8000 $10000 per month, it seems that the cost is not so high. But, there are number of patients, lets take America as an example, the medical expenses spent on those patients cost 10 70 billions US dollars each year because of the large amount of patients. Although it is merciless to include the economic factor in the reasons of euthanasia, we are living in a century which is utilitarianism always comes first, we have to accept this ruthless fact. Arguments against the legalization of euthanasia After listing the reasons for euthanasia, it comes to another controversial issue which is related to euthanasia, the legalization of euthanasia. Up to now, there are only two countries legalize euthanasia, it reflects that the legalization of euthanasia still need more discussion and the report is going to point out the arguments against this issue. There are three arguments against the legalization of euthanasia. Euthanasia can be considered as murder Law functions as a tool that maintain the peace of the society and delimit the truth and falsehood in the society. Therefore, when considering the legalization of euthanasia, we must ensure it is not conflict with the existing law. Murder means someone kills the others, it is illegal in all countries. Euthanasia ends peoples life, actually it is a kind of murder too, and the legalization of euthanasia indicates the legalization of murder as well. To adhere the principles of law, euthanasia should not be legalized. Also, the concept of euthanasia is conflict with the ethics and violates the humanism, it is a uncivilized behavior that causes the wrong values in the society. Life must be protected and promoted in all circumferences life is a divine gift that no one has the right to take it away, except god. Life is precious to everyone, thats why we have being taught that killing people is definitely wrong when we were children and we also set up law to punish murderer. All these things are used to protect our life. Furthermore, a positive outlook of life should be promoted instead of treat the end of life as a way to escape. This positive attitude is what an improving society should have, look forward to the future and never give up in any situations. A favor is provided for lawless person The legalization of euthanasia allows people to end their life, at the same time, it allows people to end the others life too. As a result, there are lawless person can make use of this law to achieve their evil wants. For instance, people who dont want to provide for their aged parents may make use of euthanasia to end their parents life and, euthanasia can be a tool that help the lawless person to get the inheritance earlier by ending their parents life. Data from survey A survey on euthanasia has carried out, there are totally 30 people who come have different nationalities, religions, genders and ages do the survey. The survey consists of 7 questions, which focus on different aspects of euthanasia and some statistics will show below. To ensure all interviewees know what euthanasia is, the above question is the first question of the survey and the pie chart shows the result. According to the statistics, 70% of the interviewees know the term euthanasia, 27% of them are not quite sure what euthanasia is and only 3% of them dont know what euthanasia is. This result reflects the issue of euthanasia is quite popular among people, but there are still some people not sure what euthanasia is. During the survey, we found that the reason of most people chose the answer NOT SURE is they dont know the difference between euthanasia and suicide. It can be concluded that most people know the term euthanasia but there is still misconstruction about euthanasia existing in the society. According to the statistics, the total number of people who think euthanasia is in conflict with moral values is 13, slightly higher than the number of people who answered NO. The distribution of the statistics is that the people in the age group of 18-29 are tending to answer NO while people in the age group of 30-40 and 41 or above are more likely to choose YES. It indicates the different thinking and values between the younger people and middle -agers and old people. In the youths values, they mostly think there is no conflict between euthanasia and their moral values, but in middle-agers and old peoples eyes, it is an irreconcilable conflict. Another remarkable point is people aged above 30 are generally having their stand on this question, only 1 of them has no stand on it. Comparing the number of the other age groups, the younger age groups have a total number of 4 people choosing the answer NOT SURE, it is obvious that the younger are not having definite view. This phenomenon occurs can be explained by the age of people, it is a comprehensive fact since people mental is mature with their age. The general trend is people are not agreeing on the legalization of euthanasia. Referring to the statistics, 9 people agree legalizing euthanasia, 14 people disagree the legalization of euthanasia and the rest of them have no stand. Among five groups of people from different countries, Chineses attitude on the legalization of euthanasia is the most clear and definite. There are 16 Chinese interviewees in total, 4 of them agree the legalization of euthanasia and 10 of them do not, it shows that more than 50% of them oppose the legalization of euthanasia, it is a definite statistics compare with the result of the other countries. On the contrary, Australian is more likely to agree the legalization of euthanasia, there are 4 people out of 8 people in Australia agree to legalize euthanasia, while the other 50% of the people are disagree or have no stand. Apart from the above two nations, the other nations are having an indefinite attitude, people from Japan, Korea and France are tend to choose NOT SURE. Referring to the result, there are 2 Koreans, a Japanese and a French chose NOT SURE. It reflects these three nations dont have an identical attitude on this issue. In this question, more than one answer can be chose, so the above result has more than 30 votes in total. According to the result, there are 28 interviewees think that the family members of a person should be authorized to decide the person commit euthanasia or not, nearly all of the interviewees chose this option. The number of people chose the option, himself or herself, is slightly fewer than the option, family members, just 3 more people have chosen family members than himself or herself. It reflects people concern on the patients family members decision the most, even more than the patients himself or herself. Doctor is the choice that falls behind the option, himself or herself, there are 14 people chose this option. It reflects that though doctors are providing professional medical advice, most people dont consider them to be the one who approve the commitment of euthanasia. It can be explained by the identity of doctors, since the doctor is just the person who cures the patients, the relationship between the family members and the patient is much closer than doctors and the patients. The least popular choice is his or her friends, there are only 2 people chose this choice. It is not difficult to understand this result, it is because friends are outsider in this case. Conclusion and Recommendation In this report, a lot of researches and a survey about euthanasia have been carried out. After researching into the issue of euthanasia, euthanasia can be concluded as ending a life without pains and there are both pros and cons on the legalization of euthanasia. Referring to the result of the survey, there are several discoveries after the analysis. To summarize, most people know the term euthanasia but there is still misconstruction about euthanasia existing in the society, older people are more likely to think the euthanasia is in conflict with their moral values while the younger do not, the general trend is people are not agreeing on the legalization of euthanasia and family members of a person is the one that people think they should be authorized to decide the person commit euthanasia or not. Base on the above conclusion and findings from report, a number of recommendations have raised. Firstly, I recommend people spend more time on knowing the true meaning of euthanasia since it is a popular issue in the society, but there are still some people misunderstand the term euthanasia. At the same time, it is the governments responsibility to ensure their citizens have enough understanding on the public issues, so I suggest the government try to use different ways to teach people a correct meaning of euthanasia. The last thing I would like to suggest is the government has to consider twice before legalizing euthanasia because it is an issue that affect a lot of aspects, like ethics and religion. If the government legalizes euthanasia thoughtlessly, the society may in a state of chaos.

The Perfect Motorcycle Essay -- Personal Narratives Automobiles Mechan

The Perfect Motorcycle As long as I can remember, I have always been interested in cars, trucks, and other gear-head type stuff. I think I have liked automotive things because my dad is very mechanical and has taught my brother and I more about cars than we really need to know. Luckily in the past few years I have also taken an interest in motorcycles. This began shortly before my sixteenth birthday when I found out that my brother had secretly acquired one and was keeping it at a friends house. As the story goes, my brother Mike noticed an old rusty bike leaning against a shed in someones yard when he was driving around with one of his friends in our truck. Mike asked the man who lived there if he would be willing to part with the motorcycle, and eventually it ended up at our house. That bike was certainly nothing special to look at and when I first saw it, it really wasnt anywhere near running condition. Through much of my brothers perseverance, and a whole bunch of luck, the bike began to runfirst on one cylinder, then on both. I remember when Mike first got it running my dad and I looked on as he took the first ride around the yard; Im not sure if Mike knew it ahead of time or not, but the bike didnt have a functioning clutch. We soon discovered that rolling the motorcycle down a hill and then dropping it into gear wasnt too violent and was certainly good enough for the time being. Soon after, my dad and I were both allowed to ride; I think we both realized that if Mikes bike had been such a success on such little money (free, plus a few necessary parts) there were motorcycles in both of our futures. About a month later, my dad bought another old Honda in beautiful condition, and about a month after that I bought a ... ... model for under $2000 online. I think that with some luck, I could find a CX500TC for about the same price. Unfortunately, the Turbo bikes are much more rare, and even if not more valuable, they are simply harder to find. I recall that shortly after I purchased my bike, I found a CX500TC for sale in Milwaukee (only about 1.5 hours from where I live) for $1500 at a dealership. I was almost having second thoughts about having just purchased a motorcycle, but I think I made the right decision at that time because I am very happy with my bike and I still enjoy every chance I have to ride it. The next time I am in the market shopping for a motorcycle, I will be sure to see if there are any Honda Turbos available for me to consider. Works Cited Honda CX & GL500 Bulletin Board http://cx500.gobinet.se Honda Milestone Models http://www.hondamotorcycles.com

Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Essay

The material facts of the case: The underwear, consisting of two pairs of underpants and two siglets was bought by appellant at the shop of the respondents. The retailer had purchased them with other stock from the manufacturer. The appellant put on one suit and by the evening he felt itching on the ankles. Next day a redness appeared on each ankle. The appellant treated himself with calomine lotion but the irritation was such that he scratched the places till be bled. He carried on with the underwear (washed). His skin was getting worse, so he consulted a dermatologist, Dr. Upton, who advised him to discard the underwear which he did. He was confined to bed for a long time. The rash became generalized and very acute. When he felt sufficiently recovered he resumed his medical practice, but soon had a relapse. His condition was so serious that he went into hospital. The illness was most severe, involving acute suffering, and at times Dr. Upton feared that his patient might die. The appellant bought action against th e respondents, claiming damages on the ground that he had contracted dermatitis by reason of the improper condition of underwear (presence of an irritating chemical – free sulphite, in the cuffs or ankle ends) purchased by him from the respondents, John Martin & Co., Ld., and manufactured by the respondents, the Australian Knitting Mills, Ld. Judgements/opinions in the case: 1) In their Lordships’ judgement the retailers are liable in contract of sale. The facts set out show negligence in manufacture. If excess sulphites  were left in garment, that could only be because someone was at fault and the appellant is not required to lay his finger on the exact person who was responsible, or to specify what he did wrong. 2) The decision treats negligence, where there is a duty to take care. In Donoghue’s case the duty was deduced simply from the facts relied upon: article issued to the world, used by the party in the state in which it was prepared and issued without it being changed in any way and without there being any warning of, or means of, detecting, the hidden danger. There was no personal intercourse between the maker and the user; but the duty is personal, because it is inter partes (between parties), it needs no interchange of words, spoken or written, or signs of offer or assent. The want of care and the injury are in essence directly and intimately connected. The word ‘control’ in D. case is used to emphasise the essential factor that the consumer must use the article exactly as it left the maker, and used it as it was intended to be used (control, of the maker, until it is used – artificial, because they parted with all the control when they sold the article). 3) In D. case can only be applied when the defect is hidden and unknown to the consumer. The presence of the deleterious chemicals in the pants, due to negligence in manufacture, was a hidden and latent defect, just as much as the remains of the snail in the opaque bottle: it could not be detected by any examination that could reasonably be made. Nothing happened between the making of the garments and their being worn to change their condition. The garments were made by the manufacturers for the purpose of being worn exactly as they were worn in fact by the appellant: it was not contemplated that they should be first washed. 4) D. was a case of food/drink to be consumed internally, but there is no distinction. The garments were made to be worn next to skin. Lord Atkin specifically puts as examples of what is covered by the principle he is enunciating things operating externally, such as ‘an ointment, a soap, a cleaning fluid or cleaning powder.’ 5) The decision in D. essentially depended on the point that the article should reach the consumer or user subject to the same defect as it had when it left the manufacturer, and this was true for garment.

Tale of Two Cities

Tale of Two Cities In the opening quote of â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities†, by Charles Dickens, a very complex sentence is stated that consists of anaphoric contradictions. Many of these contradictions contain phrases where one side of the contradiction has a negative connotation and the other has a positive connotation. In contemporary times, many events contain match the contradictions stated in the quote. There are many examples of events that go along with the quote, but prime examples include the feud between Iraq and the USA, third world countries, and many economic and health problems. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times†. This opening quote of â€Å"A tale of Two Cities† can relate to many things in contemporary times. One example that represents this quote clearly is the constant feuds between the US and Iraq. One minute, America is calm and clear of disputes, just continuing on everyday lives, when suddenly, out of the blue, one of the bigges t terrorist attacks occurred, and the US is declaring war with another country.Also, while daily life in America is usually normal and ordinary, overseas, a war is taking place, and soldiers could lose their lives any minute. While people in the USA could be having the best of times, the worst of times could be happening to many people elsewhere. Next, another part of the opening quote that relates to modern times is â€Å"We had everything before us, we had nothing before us. † Not only does this relate ti the poverty- stricken people in the world, but more promptly the people in third world countries.In the United States, most people always are able to provide themselves with necessities and have everything before them. On the contrary, many unfortunate people in third world countries barely have anything before them. Lastly, another quote from the opening statement of the book is â€Å"It was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair†. This quote can relate t o many different things. An example could be a hopeful country receding into a recession or depression. Many economies lead populations from hope to despair.Another match to the quote could be the victims of cancer hoping to be cured; but feeling despair when informed about the lack of a cure. Many things and events in this world leave people hoping, and then lead them straight to despair. In the end, the quote by Charles Dickens stating contradictions in the beginning of â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† can relate to contemporary times, even though written in a much earlier time period. Many of the contradictions stated coincide with many events happening currently or in the past. Tale of Two Cities During a time of lost hope, death and war, the `golden thread', Lucie Manette plays the roll of a heroine doing everything she can to make sure the important people in her life are loved. Lucie provides not only warmth toward her father, Dr. Manette, but also towards the man that yearns for Lucie's love; Sydney Carton. Despite all the negativity that surrounds Lucie and her loved ones, she doesn't fail to lead her father and Carton to rebirth. During a time of lost hope, death and war, the `golden thread', Lucie Manette plays the roll of a heroine doing everything she can to make sure the important people in her life are loved.Lucie provides not only warmth toward her father, Dr. Manette, but also towards the man that yearns for Lucie's love; Sydney Carton. Despite all the negativity that surrounds Lucie and her loved ones, she doesn't fail to lead her father and Carton to rebirth. Unlike the process of actual birth, rebirth is associated with rejuvenation. Rebirth is a second or new birth and in the case of A Tale of Two Cities it is deserved. Rebirth is portrayed as nothing close to the literal meaning of birth at all. Charles Dickens makes it obvious that Dr. Manette and Carton both deserve a second chance by showing that they both really are good people.In chapter 19, Dr. Manette earns rebirth by gaining the strength to mentally and literally walk away from the negative attitude that is associated with his shoemaking bench and his past times. Carton shows that he deserves rebirth in chapter 13 by proving that he is a good and caring person when he tells Lucie that even though he craves her love, all he wants is for her to be happy. After Dr. Manette's imprisonment in the Bastille for 18 years, the only thing he willingly says is `105 north tower` and is seemingly hypnotized by his shoemaking bench. This is where Dickens lets the reader know that Dr.Manette's imprisonment drives him insane. When Dr. Manette is rescued by Defarge and brought to his `long lost ' daughter, rebirth does not take place immediately, as the doctor continues to repeat things to himself. In chapter 5, Lucie is portrayed as a caring character simply by the description given of her, as well as others reactions to her. â€Å"†¦ His eyes rested on a short, slight, pretty figure, a quantity of golden hair [and] a pair of blue eyes that met his own. † From simply the description given of Lucie, she can be recognized as a caring person.Lorry's reaction to Lucie also strengthens Lucie's caring glow. â€Å"As his eyes rested on these things, a sudden vivid likeness passed before him of a child whom he had held in his arms†¦ † As Dickens compares Lucie to a child, her innocence is proclaimed. Although the rebirth of Dr. Manette does not take place immediately, Lucie shows her love for her father from the beginning of his arrival. In chapter six of book the first while Lucie is greeting her father for the first time in 18 years, she tells him that à ¢â‚¬Å"the agony is over†¦ I have come here to take you from it†¦ This is where the rebirth starts because this is where Dickens lets the reader know that Lucie is going to do all she can for her father and give him only love. After Dr. Manette's return to England, its obvious that the doctor is slowly returning to sanity in chapter five when Dr. Manette is able to make full conversation at Charles Darnay`s trial. In chapter seven of book the third, the narrator updates us on Dr. Manette. â€Å"No garret, no shoemaking, no One Hundred and Five, North Tower, now! He had accomplished the task he had set himself. This is where Dickens lets us know that Dr. Manette's return to sanity has been completed. While Lucie continues to care for her father, another man, Sydney Carton, makes it known that he as well needs Lucie to cure him. Just as Lucie did with her father, Lucie will try and do all she can to help her dear friend Carton. In chapter 13 when Carton stops at the Manette' s house, he has a conversation with Lucie in which he tells her how he feels about himself. At the peak of this conversation, Lucie says â€Å"can I not recall you†¦ to a better course?Can I in no way repay your confidence? † This makes it known that Lucie will be the one to give Carton a second chance. Lucie does in fact use her love and sympathy to lead Carton to rebirth and Dickens later shows the effects Lucie has had on Carton. â€Å"[Carton] was so unlike what he had ever shown himself to be, and it was so sad to think how much he had thrown away†¦ † This a totally new tone that is shown by Carton, whereas from the start of the book to the introduction of Lucie and his conversation, he was described as a drunk nobody that obviously thought nothing of himself.In chapter four of book the first Darnay comments to Carton â€Å"I think you have been drinking, Mr. Carton. † To this, Carton responds † Think? You know I have been drinking. I am a d isappointed drudge, sir. I care for no man on earth and no man on earth cares for me. † During chapter 13 where Lucie says to Carton â€Å"I entreated you to believe again and again, most fervently, with all my heart, was capable of better things, Mr. Carton! † Lucie has saved Carton by letting him know that she believed in him. Both Dr. Manette and Sydney Carton have been saved by the impact of Lucie's unfailing care.Lucie saves her father by simply caring for him and being a friend, and she also saves Sydney Cartons life by believing in him and letting him know that he meant more than he thought. The characters in A Tale of Two Cities obviously play predominant roles in each other's lives, and resurrection, or rebirth is one of the main themes in this novel. Dickens uses the power of love to oppose war that is surrounding all of France and England. Resurrection was a very clever theme for Dickens to use because if the characters in A Tale of Two Cities couldn't be rec alled back to life, they would simply die off.

How to Organize Compare-Contrast Paragraphs

How to Organize Compare-Contrast Paragraphs Organizing two compare-and-contrast paragraphs is just a mini version of creating a compare-and-contrast essay. This kind of essay examines two or more subjects by comparing their similarities and contrasting their differences.  In the same way, compare-contrast paragraphs compare and contrast two things in two separate paragraphs. There are two basic methods for organizing compare-contrast paragraphs: the block format and a format where the writer separates similarities and differences. Block Format When using the block format for a two-paragraph comparison, discuss one subject in the first paragraph and the other in the second, as follows: Paragraph 1: The opening sentence names the two subjects and states that they are very similar, very different or have many important (or interesting) similarities and differences. The remainder of the paragraph describes the features of the first subject without referring to the second subject. Paragraph 2: The opening sentence must contain a transition showing you are comparing the second subject to the first, such as: Unlike (or similar to) subject No. 1, subject No. 2... Discuss all the features of subject No. 2 in relation to subject No. 1 using compare-contrast cue words such as  like,  similar to, also, unlike, and on the other hand,  for each comparison. End this paragraph with a personal statement, a prediction or another enlightening conclusion. Separating Similarities and Differences When using this format, discuss only the similarities in the first paragraph and only the differences in the next. This format requires careful use of many compare-contrast cue words and is, therefore, more difficult to write well. Create the paragraphs as follows: Paragraph 1: The opening sentence names the two subjects and states that they are very similar, very different or have many important (or interesting) similarities and differences. Continue discussing similarities only using compare-contrast cue words such as like, similar to and also, for each comparison. Paragraph 2: The opening sentence must contain a transition showing that you are pivoting to discussing differences, such as: Despite all these similarities, (these two subjects) differ in significant ways. Then describe all the differences, using compare-contrast cue words such as differs, unlike, and on the other hand, for each comparison. End the paragraph with a personal statement, a prediction, or another compelling conclusion. Create a Pre-Writing Chart In organizing compare-contrast paragraphs, using either of the above methods, students may find it helpful to create a compare-contrast-prewriting chart. To create this chart, students would create a three-column table or chart with the following headers topping each column: Subject 1, Features, and Subject 2. Students then list the subjects and features in the appropriate columns. For example, a student might compare life in the city (Subject No. 1) vs. the country (Subject No. 2). To start, the student would list Entertainment, Culture, and Food, in the rows under the Features header. Then, next Entertainment, the student could list theaters, clubs under the City header and festivals, bonfires under the Country header. Next might be Culture in the Features column. Next to Culture, the student would list museums in the City column and historic places under the Country column, and so on. After compiling about seven or eight rows, the student can cross out the rows that seem least relevant. Crafting such a chart helps the student create an easy visual aid to help write the compare-contrast paragraphs for either of the previously discussed methods.

Women and Economics essays

Women and Economics essays Many both in the past and the present have challenged the treatment of women by society over the past century or so. In Western culture, the placement of women on a lower level than men has been around for as long as can be remembered. Never has the woman been thought of as the breadwinner of the family. It took the determination of women in the past just to get women into the workplace. Still today, women earn less money and hold less substantial job titles. But because of these women from the past, society has taken a different view. Women such as Charlotte Perkins Gilman have paved the way for women in economics. Her revolutionary view of women in and out of the household is unprecedented. Though written almost a hundred years ago, the same cruelties and injustices Gilman described and attacked in Women and Economics are still very much alive today. The beliefs she put forth in her book are the basis for the amount of independence women have experienced in the present. In Women and Economics, Gilman began with the premise that women are owned by men. Women could not choose to work out of the house they were forced to stay with the children. The man of the house would be at work bringing in the money while the woman would stay at home to care for the children and to do things such as housework and cooking. A woman could not choose otherwise because the man supported her. In this way, the woman was owned by the man. Arguing from the point of evolutionary science, Gilman illustrated how humans "are the only animal species in which the female depends upon the male for food, the only animal in which the sex-relation is also an economic relation." Here she examined the "cultures" of other animals. She understood that women are the only species that depends on the male for food. All others partake in food gathering equally. The female is not dependent upon the male unlike ...

Lady Gaga Can Teach You How to Never Give Up

Lady Gaga Can Teach You How to Never Give Up Everybody fails. Even the fanciest and most successful of celebrities, historical figures, and our most idolized idols. Even Lady Gaga. She’s won 5 Grammy awards. She’s been Billboard’s Artist of the Year as well as one of Forbes’ 100 most powerful women, and one of TIME’s most influential people. She’s broken records for record sales and made absurd amounts of money on global tours. Plus, she’s universally accepted as analogous for cool.But before she was Lady Gaga, she was Stefani Germanotta, a little girl who lived in Manhattan and played the piano by the age of four. She went to NYU’s conservatory to study music at the age of 17, but dropped out two years later to try and make it as a musician. The Stefani Germanotta band played a few local gigs, and netted her a manager, but was disbanded within a year.That manager, Rob Fusari, took her on, but had a very difficult time convincing the major labels to do the same. She was to ld she didn’t have the right look, the right sound, and that her songs just weren’t hits. She even left one meeting at Sony in a rage of tears.Then, an accident of autocorrect occurred. Fusari typed her name and his phone corrected it to â€Å"Lady Gaga.† A star was born? Not so fast. The newly named Lady Gaga then got a great deal with Island Def Jam records and began work on an album, only to be dropped without explanation after three months. She hit a low point, turning to drinking and drugs for solace, trying not to give up on her dreams despite being told she wasn’t pretty enough to be a singer songwriter and simply play and sing at a piano. The only work she could get was writing songs for other artists, which did nothing to satisfy her desire to perform herself.For the next couple of years, she took to the NYC underground scene, experimenting, working with performance art, dressing like a goth stripper, drawing attention, making waves. She died her hair platinum blond after being confused with Amy Winehouse. And then, finally, another artist took notice and forced the Interscope label head to listen to one of her songs. That song was â€Å"Just Dance.† A star was born? Yep. You know the rest.At any point, Gaga could have given up. But she didn’t. She tried and tried and failed, and she changed her tactic, changed her brand. When she hit on the right one, she was ready for the results.So remember: don’t be afraid of failure. Use it to push yourself in a better, new direction. One that just might put you in the groove and get you where you need to go.

Market Entry Project for CVS in Chile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Market Entry Project for CVS in Chile - Essay Example Along with this comes an online shopping portal, which also features an online prescription fulfillment system. The target market for CVS Pharmacy stores consists majorly of women (16-64) and people with medical needs. The countries in consideration are taken from the Caribbean and Latin America covering Mexico, Brazil and Chile. Mexico Mexico, which is located beside Belize and Guatemala and is 3,141 km from the U.S., is the country in Latin America. In the region of Latin America, Mexico can be regarded as the medium size country and market. Considering the FDI of CVS, we focus on people and society, government, and economy. The population of Mexico is 113,724,226 until July 2011, and the country comparison to the world is 11 (CIA - The World Factbook). Mexico has a high population growth rate which is 2%. In the whole country, 28.2% of the population is between 0-14 years, 65.2% is between 15-64 years and 6.6% is 65 years and over. The median age of Mexico is 27.1 years, for males is 26 years and for females is 28.1 years. The Urban population is 77% in 2008, 78% in 2009 and 78% 2010, which is increasing now. The poverty rate is 47.0% in 2004, 42.6% in 2006, and 47.4% in 2008. What’s more, the labor force of Mexico is 46.99 million in 2010. We can see that Mexico has a large population and the biggest part of Mexico’s population is young adults. People trend away from suburban to urban because the urban population rate is increasing. On the other hand, the poverty rate of Mexico is fluctuant, which shows the economic situation is fluctuant too, and in these years, the poverty rate is decreasing. Mexico has civil law system with US constitutional law theory, so CVS Caremark is familiar and legal system of Mexico causing smaller barrier for CVS to enter this market. And according to the World Audit, the Democracy Audit scores of the political rights and civil liberties are 2 and 3; this means the political policy of Mexico is relatively free. Mor eover, the political policies that Mexican government takes on healthcare industry really influence the pharmacy industry in Mexico. Mexican government tends to extend the healthcare services and will expand the insurance coverage to 102.0 million in 2011. Seguro Popula is introduced to increase the available resources of healthcare and cover 50.0 million people in 2011. This reform really attracts substantial foreign companies and investments to enter Mexican pharmaceuticals market. It is a great opportunity for CVS Caremark to make an entry to Mexico. The GDP of Mexico in 2008 is $1.582 trillion, $1.486 trillion in 2009, and $1.567 trillion in 2010. What’s more, the GDP per capital has the same tendency as GDP. The GDP per capital in 2008 is $14.400, in 2009 is $13,400, and in 2010 is $13,900. Another important part of the data about the economic situation of Mexico is CPI. According to Countries and Economies, using 2005 as the basic year, the CPI of Mexico is 104 in 2006, 108 in 2007, 113 in 2008, 119 in 2009, and 124 in 2010. The inflation rate of Mexico in 2009 is 5.3% and in 2010 is 4.2%. What’s more, the total labor force of Mexico is 46.99 million in 2010. Of that 46.99 million, 13.7% was occupied by agriculture, 23.4% was occupied by industry, and 62.9% was occupied by services (CIA - The World Factbook). In general, the data shows the economic downturn in 2009 of Mexico, both GDP and GDP per capital were decreased in 2009 and the inflation rate of Mexico in 2009 was also very high. In 2010, the economic situ

Employee Turnover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Employee Turnover - Essay Example Galvin (2004) asserts that turnover is "a modern business dilemma that is costing companies billions of dollars annually, yet surprisingly little is done about it." For businesses seeking to optimize their bottom line, particularly in the retail industry, getting this problem under control can translate into dramatic improvement in profitability and competitiveness. Understanding the particular costs of turnover to each business is an essential first step in determining the extent to which it is even a problem that needs to be addressed, and if so what is the appropriate approach to addressing the problem. This paper examines the reasons for higher rates of turnover in retail generally as compared to many other industries. It goes on to propose solutions and strategies retailers can adopt to decrease employee turnover and improve their bottom line. The direct costs of turnover are easy to quantify, according to Galvin. These are recruitment expenses such as classified ads and headhunter fees, training expenses, "travel or relocation expenses, interviewing, overtime for employees who take on departing employees' tasks, and all the related administrative functions that go into the grand exit and entrance." These costs are merely the "tip of the iceberg," however, as there are numerous indirect costs that are often not even considered. These include lost business from unhappy customers who are driven away by compromised service quantity and quality, resulting in lost business. Also, there is usually some lost productivity resulting from the need for other employees to pick up the slack in addition to their own jobs. Finally, the diversion of management attention from strategic planning to devising ways to make up the shortfall left by departing workers yields an opportunity cost for the business (Galvin, 2004). What strategic and competitive strides could have been made had management not been preoccupied with filling gaps from employee turnover An additional indirect cost of turnover in a retail environment is missed sales due to inexperience of new staff or due to the lack of adequate available staff to take care of all customers efficiently. Kal Lifson (1996) asserts that an "inexperienced sales associate loses 10% of the sales dollars that a veteran associate would have made." That is an enormous impact that is often not even accounted for by companies concerned with the financial impact of turnover. "Turnover takes a huge bite from the bottom line. Large merchants spend an average of $77 million a year in severance and other departure related costs, and lose another $161 million in potential revenue due to such factors as new employee mistakes," maintains Leigh Dyer (2002). The story on turnover is not all bad. Businesses arguably need some fresh blood in order to remain dynamic. New people bring fresh ideas and approaches to the business. Companies with zero turnover risk being stagnant and stodgy in a very competitive industry that is largely based on a clientele attracted to the young, the hip and the trendy. "New employees do bring in new ideas and keep the organization fresh and current" (Zografos, 2006). In addition, some level of turnover helps businesses to understand the driving factors behind employee retention, enabling them to respond more effectively when the inevitable departure does take place. Low-turnover businesses can "focus on why employees

Employee Turnover Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Employee Turnover - Essay Example Galvin (2004) asserts that turnover is "a modern business dilemma that is costing companies billions of dollars annually, yet surprisingly little is done about it." For businesses seeking to optimize their bottom line, particularly in the retail industry, getting this problem under control can translate into dramatic improvement in profitability and competitiveness. Understanding the particular costs of turnover to each business is an essential first step in determining the extent to which it is even a problem that needs to be addressed, and if so what is the appropriate approach to addressing the problem. This paper examines the reasons for higher rates of turnover in retail generally as compared to many other industries. It goes on to propose solutions and strategies retailers can adopt to decrease employee turnover and improve their bottom line. The direct costs of turnover are easy to quantify, according to Galvin. These are recruitment expenses such as classified ads and headhunter fees, training expenses, "travel or relocation expenses, interviewing, overtime for employees who take on departing employees' tasks, and all the related administrative functions that go into the grand exit and entrance." These costs are merely the "tip of the iceberg," however, as there are numerous indirect costs that are often not even considered. These include lost business from unhappy customers who are driven away by compromised service quantity and quality, resulting in lost business. Also, there is usually some lost productivity resulting from the need for other employees to pick up the slack in addition to their own jobs. Finally, the diversion of management attention from strategic planning to devising ways to make up the shortfall left by departing workers yields an opportunity cost for the business (Galvin, 2004). What strategic and competitive strides could have been made had management not been preoccupied with filling gaps from employee turnover An additional indirect cost of turnover in a retail environment is missed sales due to inexperience of new staff or due to the lack of adequate available staff to take care of all customers efficiently. Kal Lifson (1996) asserts that an "inexperienced sales associate loses 10% of the sales dollars that a veteran associate would have made." That is an enormous impact that is often not even accounted for by companies concerned with the financial impact of turnover. "Turnover takes a huge bite from the bottom line. Large merchants spend an average of $77 million a year in severance and other departure related costs, and lose another $161 million in potential revenue due to such factors as new employee mistakes," maintains Leigh Dyer (2002). The story on turnover is not all bad. Businesses arguably need some fresh blood in order to remain dynamic. New people bring fresh ideas and approaches to the business. Companies with zero turnover risk being stagnant and stodgy in a very competitive industry that is largely based on a clientele attracted to the young, the hip and the trendy. "New employees do bring in new ideas and keep the organization fresh and current" (Zografos, 2006). In addition, some level of turnover helps businesses to understand the driving factors behind employee retention, enabling them to respond more effectively when the inevitable departure does take place. Low-turnover businesses can "focus on why employees

I believe that smile can bridge the gap between people Essay

I believe that smile can bridge the gap between people - Essay Example A smile is a healthy facial expression which displays happiness and I believe that it can function towards bringing people closer together and also in bridging the gap between people. The personal event that comes to my mind with this statement is a fight that I had with a very close friend of mine which lasted for days. The issue would have stayed the same and unresolved had I not let go of my harsh feelings and smiled towards my friend. I have assessed the fact that a person can use his lips to worsen relationships by using a harsh tone and being rude but a smile on these lips can do the opposite and work towards connecting people and bringing them closer together. My personal experience has made my belief stronger that a smile can serve to heal scarred relationships and it can help in forming bonds between people. My patch up with one of my closest friends after a fight gave me a strong impression that a smile can do wonders and can help in solving strained relationships. I was ve ry close to one of my neighbors and we stayed in the same neighborhood for years. She was a very close acquaintance of mine and I never hesitated in sharing my thoughts and opinions with her. We shared a strong bond of friendship and helped each other in difficult times. Not only this, we studied in the same school as young children and this brought us closer. We both knew about each other’s weaknesses and strong points and we supported each other at every point where one of us about to fail. She moved from my neighborhood and we joined different schools as well but we still enjoyed the same level of friendship. But things changed when I had a different circle of friends and so did she. We started spending lesser time together and this lack of communication brought many misunderstandings. It reached a point where we had so many problems with each other that we barely talked. Despite of these issues, I still remembered the good times that I had spent with her and I realized th at she had been a very close aide who had been with me in my times of happiness as well as sorrow. I wished that we would be together again but I did not see the possibility. One day while I was outside in the neighborhood for a walk in the evening, I saw my friend over there as well. She was there to visit her aunt. As soon as we shared looks, I could not help but smile at seeing her after such a long time. She had a very stern expression on her face but after she saw me smiling, she shared the smile and I walked towards her. If I had been like her and ignored her at that time, I do not think that we would ever have been able to get over with our problems. This event totally made me believe that a smile can build relationships and help in correcting strained relationships. A smile is one of the very powerful expressions which can do wonders and help in bridging the gap between people. It is a form of expressing happiness. I believe it is a wonderful way of overcoming problems in re lationships and it can help in bringing together separated friends and family members. It works more than words and presents the welcoming nature of an individual. The personal event of my life strengthened my views with regard to smiling and it taught me the importance of this expression and how it actually works as a healer. If a person cannot express his feelings

Turkish Airlines Current 4Ps Marketing Policies Essay

Turkish Airlines Current 4Ps Marketing Policies - Essay Example As of today, almost 51% of its shares are owned by the public, whereas, the remaining are retained by the government. Over the years the company has flourished to the extent that, in 2008 it was named as one of the fastest growing European carriers in terms of traffic and seating capacity (Turkish Airlines, 1996-2012). At a time when the global recession caused other European airlines to cut down their operations, Turkish Airlines managed to demonstrate steady growth in terms of its passenger traffic and seating capacity. The company has over 127 carriers in its fleet and flies to over 145 international and 41 local destinations (Turkish Airlines, 1996-2012). Istanbul is primarily considered to be its gateway to various Middle East destinations. The company’s overall business strategy revolves around expansion and development of its operations. As part of recognition for its strategic efforts, it has been labeled as a four-star airline (Skytrax, 1999-2011). The company, theref ore, is now eyeing the five-star segment and is enhancing the quality and service of its carriers in order to enhance customer experience. An essential part of its overall strategy, therefore, is inevitably the marketing strategy. Holistically, the company is aiming at creating greater brand awareness amongst its target market and to position itself differently from competitors in terms of reliability, safety and quality. The company is targeting the attainment of crucial values such as customer safety and quality service as well as providing value for money. Therefore, the focus of this airline is to provide low cost fares with unmatched quality of customer experience. The 4P’s for the company involve the Product (airline service), Price (fares), Promotion and Place (destinations in this case). As far as the product is concerned, the company has targeted its airline service to a wide range of segments. The company’s primary target market is the leisure customers who m ake up a vast chunk of its overall passengers. The secondary market is the corporate segment, comprising of business executives and corporate individuals. Such customers require corporate discounts (that are perhaps endowed to them by their organizations) since they travel is high volumes. Turkish Airlines has kept this trend in mind and has offered quantity discounts in markets where a large number of multinationals are located. There are several MNCs in Europe such as Shell, Delloit, Deutsche Bank etc that have high volume of business travelers. The company derives a major chunk of its revenues from the â€Å"leisure† segment, as opposed to the business segment. According to a research, 54% of the company’s market share is derived by â€Å"leisure† segment, whereas, 32% is derived from â€Å"corporate† segment. A common terminology used in aviation is that of the load factor which is described as the relation between the aircraft’s lift capabilit y to its weight. Turkish Airline’s load factor has declined over the years, from a rate of 71.5% to 71% (Centre for Aviation, 2010). The company is now taking steps to ensure that its load factor increases, especially during the peak summer period. An efficient load factor of approximately 77% is ideally looked upon as a healthy sign since it shows that the weight is being efficiently utilized through passenger traffic. A crucial aspect of Turkish Airline’s marketing policies has been a focus on Turkish tourism, of which Istanbul is a highly

Irish community of new york city Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Irish community of new york city - Essay Example The Irish community in New York is regarded among the active and most thriving population ion the multicultural city of New York. They engage in various activities that are economic oriented. They have their own Irish civic organization that are scattered throughout New York City. The organization has seen spread through from the friendly sons of St. Patrick to the New York major society. Most writers from the Irish communities stage most of the theatre companies in New York. In addition to this, their hardworking presence is also noted in their musicians. They hardly go a loss for a place to offer their performance.The Irish people are hardworking in almost every activity that they do. Not surprisingly, Irish populations living in New York have lower poverty rates compared to Americans as a whole. The households that are held by Americans of Irish descent have median incomes that are higher the Americans households. On average, Irish-American household is believed to be earning $56, 363 compared to the Native American household earning $50,046. Approximately six percent of the Irish Americans are thought to have incomes at the poverty level, compared to the general Americans who have a poverty level reaching eleven percent. Over the period of 19th century, the Irish gangs had terrorized the streets of New York. The gangs were fighting for the right of existence of the Irish population in New York City. Today, the incidents of the Irish gangs are unheard of, and the gangs do no longer exist along the streets of New York.

Flood in Gilgamesh and Genesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Flood in Gilgamesh and Genesis - Essay Example Discussed in Tablet XI, the character of Utnapishtim maintains proximity with the respectful spiritual Biblical personality Noah, story of whom has been elaborated in details in different parts of the Old and New Testaments including Book of Genesis chapter 6 to 8. The similarities and dissimilarities between both these texts are analyzed in the following paragraphs: Genesis portrays the flood hero or Noah as a holy and spiritual personality (and prophet too), who obeyed all the commands of God in their true spirit and led a pious and sacred life. Contrary to the overwhelming majority of his nation, Noah always avoided practicing evil and turned down the filthy enticements made by the same satanic forces, which had paved the way towards the fall of Adam and Eve from heavens. Since the large majority of the people had got indulged into malpractices and wickedness of various types, Lord God the Creator, according to the Bible, had turned out to be fed up with the misdeeds of the childr en of Adam and Eve. Consequently, He had decided to send heavy rains from the sky causing a catastrophic flood, which would drown the entire humanity besides Noah, his family, and companions. Thus, God sent a command to Noah decreeing order of constructing a huge ark, where his family, companions and one pair each of every living creature could be ridden in the ark in order to preserve the generation of the creatures by protecting them from the ruthless waves of the flood. The ark would carry several apartments and portions, which will receive daylight and air for their survival. Hence, Noah’s flood, according to Genesis, was the outcome of the wrath of Almighty Lord because of the misdeeds and transgressions and sins and offenses committed by humans on the face of the earth; which destroyed the entire human generation consisted of violators, sinners, and mischievous individuals. The rain continued for forty days and nights, which destroyed every human being, animal, beast an d reptile existing on the earth, and even the high mountains were drowned deep in the water. Hence, the signs of life perished away in the heavy rain, and the earth was deprived of any kind of vegetation and greenery even. At last, the rain stopped, and the ark stayed at its destination after five months. However, it took five more months in the drying of the water. Noah relieved raven with the hope of the signs of life on earth, but it returned in a hopeless manner. Then Noah sent the dove, but it also returned in despair; however, its second return was hopeful as it had an olive branch in its beak, and on its third relieve, it did not return to Noah. Noah was ordered to step down the ark by the Lord, and he did the same along with his family. He built an altar and offered sacrifice to his Lord, and paid his humble gratitude for His favors and bounties upon him and his family. The epic of Gilgamesh shares many similarities with Noah’s tale, where flood took place in the same river Euphrates according to both the texts on which the ark or boat was to whirl. In addition, as the protagonist of Genesis, the flood hero of Gilgamesh was also instructed by the deity for building the ark.

Irish community of new york city Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Irish community of new york city - Essay Example The Irish community in New York is regarded among the active and most thriving population ion the multicultural city of New York. They engage in various activities that are economic oriented. They have their own Irish civic organization that are scattered throughout New York City. The organization has seen spread through from the friendly sons of St. Patrick to the New York major society. Most writers from the Irish communities stage most of the theatre companies in New York. In addition to this, their hardworking presence is also noted in their musicians. They hardly go a loss for a place to offer their performance.The Irish people are hardworking in almost every activity that they do. Not surprisingly, Irish populations living in New York have lower poverty rates compared to Americans as a whole. The households that are held by Americans of Irish descent have median incomes that are higher the Americans households. On average, Irish-American household is believed to be earning $56, 363 compared to the Native American household earning $50,046. Approximately six percent of the Irish Americans are thought to have incomes at the poverty level, compared to the general Americans who have a poverty level reaching eleven percent. Over the period of 19th century, the Irish gangs had terrorized the streets of New York. The gangs were fighting for the right of existence of the Irish population in New York City. Today, the incidents of the Irish gangs are unheard of, and the gangs do no longer exist along the streets of New York.

Communication in media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Communication in media - Essay Example In addition to this, the growth in the Internet sphere has been phenomenal. The European Union along with United Kingdom has been one of the first few to recognize the rising problems in this sector and the need to control the media and its happenings. In addition to these technology changes, it is also found that there is a growing convergence of all the technologies. Every one of these services is available on any of the media that is needed by the user (European Commission, 1997). Controlling and monitoring the changes that are happening in the industry is becoming more important. This paper would review the nature of changes that have come about in the industry and the need to control and monitor them. It explains the effective ness of the control that is already in place in UK in the form of Ofcom and what are the major lacunas in the controlling mechanism. Though UK and the media all over the world has been talking of self-control, frequently media has overstepped its brief and has trespassed into the private domain. Ofcom was launched as a regulatory authority to ensure that adequate and appropriate control exists in the wireless sector as well as to ensure that the media does not trespass into private domain and sink the liberty of the individual in the name of media liberty. Regulation is required to also ensure that there is no chaos in the wireless world. With new medias like the telephones getting highly personal, the infringement of private domain is happening too frequently. This necessitates regulation. 3. History of Regulation in UK and Europe 3.1 Early Regulations on Media Media regulation in UK started in the form of a Press Complaints Commission, which was an independent body that was working on the various complaints and issues that came about the press reports, and accuracy of the information or the personal infringement it caused. By June 1990, government's Committee on Privacy issued a report that made clear submissions about the pseudo independence of the Press Complaints Committee and reported reservations on the way the press and the media worked (Laurence Raw, 1998). Government at that time issued a stern warning to the press to organize themselves if they did not want government to interfere in their working. By 1993, the second committee recommended an ombudsman for taking care of the press invasions into privacy and also a Press Commission that would monitor the press freedom as well as ensure that the limits are not surpassed. However, the government passed regulations as a part of the civil law to restrain press from 'spying, prying, watching and besetting' into the private affairs of an individual citizen. The other regulations on the broadcasting media were the Broadcasting Acts of 1990 and 1996. 3.2 Regulation of Television in UK and Europe 1990s also saw massive changes sweeping the European Union as well. Television without Frontiers (TWF) and Open Network Provision (ONP) form the core of the early regulation regime in Europe. When the regulation was introduced, it invoked negative reaction from the industry, which foresaw the reentry of controls in the industry as the form of regulatory mechanisms. The 1989 'TWF' regulation paved way for viewing television as a service and one that could transcend the national borders across the

Why did Operation Barbarossa Fail?

Why did Operation Barbarossa Fail? Before Operation Barbarossa was launched, Hitler and Germany have great success on invasion and battles, except Battle of Britain. Hitler invaded Poland in 1931, attacked Belgium, France, and Holland, battle with Britain. But when he comes to invading Soviet Union, the operation was the beginning of Hitler’s downfall. Operation Barbarossa is a code name for German’s invasion of USSR. That operation was launch on June 22, 1941, and because it was launched at that time, Germany has to deal with one of the biggest problem when they were invading Soviet Union winter. It was the largest military attack in World War Two. Operation Barbarossa was the turning point of World War Two, and reason why is because the invasion of Soviet Union is one of the biggest mistakes Hitler makes in World War Two. The idea of invading Soviet Union is not the problem, but the way Hitler did it. Operation Barbarossa failed because Germany used weak military forces, had poor logistics and plannin g, and failed to win the Battle of Stalingrad, which is one of the main battles in Operation Barbarossa. First of all, Germany has weak army and military forces. Their condition, military forces, army were weaker than Red army. One of the main problems is the winter in Russia. German’s army and military forces can’t handle the winter in Russia. â€Å"The German tanks had narrow treads with little traction and poor flotation in mud. In contrast, the new generation of Soviet tanks such as the T-34 and KV had wider tracks and were far more mobile in these conditions.† (Operation Barbarossa) According to the information above, Soviet Union has more reliable and improved vehicles than Germany’s. Their military forces such as tanks were not good as Soviet Union’s. They were also not prepared for the weather and Soviet Union’s poor road network, even reaching to certain destination was also hard for them. â€Å"Consequently, the troops were not equipped with adequate cold-weather gear, and some soldiers had to pack newspapers into their jackets to sta y warm while temperatures dropped to record levels of at least -30  °C (-22  °F). To operate furnaces and heaters, the Germans also burned precious fuel that was difficult to re-supply.† (Operation Barbarossa) Besides transportation problem caused by the winter, German’s army were also affected by the winter. Their equipment and gears were not fit for the weather. For example, they have to burn fuel, which is a very important supplies and very hard to get, to keep them warm. On the other hand, Soviet Union’s troops have warmer clothing. Their vehicles such as aircraft also weren’t in a good condition, because sometimes fuel will freezes and soldiers will have to took time to fixed it, otherwise those vehicles can not be used. Lubricants for vehicles were also useless as well in such a cold weather in Russia. These supplies such as lubricants, oil, fuel, were extremely important, because these supplies keep German’s military forces such as guns, vehicles in action and a good condition. Second reasons were German’s poor logistics and planning strategy. One of the reasons is because Germany was way too confidents, they’ve over underestimated Soviet Union. That leads to unrealistic, poor strategy and logistics. â€Å"The invasion had three main objectives. Army Group Center, consisting of 1.3 million troops, 2,600 tanks and 7,800 artillery pieces, mounted a massive drive on Moscow. Meanwhile, Army Group North, consisting of 700,000 troops, 770 tanks and 4,000 artillery pieces.† (Erik Sass, Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest Military Adventure in History) Hitler uses the strategy called â€Å"blitzkrieg†, or â€Å"lightning war†. This is the same strategy Hitler use to defeat France and Poland, but this doesn’t work on Soviet Union. Soviet Union was also surprised by this invasion, due to Stalin’s belief Germany won’t attack it’s own allied, especially after signing the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Due to the di fficulty of getting fuel for supplies, Germany sometimes has not enough fuel to reach to the destination. Their army doesn’t have enough ammunition and other supplies as well. Food was never important to Hitler. Because it is hard to get supplies while in the frontline of battlefield or marching toward the heartland of Russia, Hitler has to choose between food, ammunition, and warm clothes, Hitler mostly choose ammunition instead of others. â€Å"Commanders in the field relied on foraging local livestock to feed the soldiers and this continued until such time when shortages resulted in troops eating their units horses.† (MAJ Loganathan, Failure Of Logistics In â€Å"Operation Barbarossa† And Its Relevance Today) By September 1941, Germany was winning and the invasion was successful so far. They have already conquered Kiev and Odessa, and pushing forward to Leningrad and Moscow. â€Å"By December 1941, the combined German armies had killed 360,000 Soviet soldier s, wounded one million, and captured two million more, for total Red Army losses of around 3.4 million by the end of the year. In six months, German troops and their allies advanced up to 600 miles and occupied over 500,000 square miles of Soviet territory, home to 75 million people.† (Erik Sass, Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest Military Adventure in History) Finally, Germany lost the battle of Stalingrad, which is the turning point of this operation. Before this battle, Hitler was mostly success in this invasion. â€Å"Russians consider it to be the greatest battle of their Great Patriotic War, and most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the entire conflict.† (Battle of Stalingrad) The Battle of Stalingrad was started at 17 July 1942, in this battle Soviet Union successfully defend the city of Stalingrad. One of the reasons why Stalingrad is important is that it was Russia’s main communication center in the south. German’s commander was General Paulus, and his main goal was to secure the oil field in Caucasus, on the other hand, Russia would try not to let Germany secure the oil field. German’s army had to deal with and handle the winter in Russia while fighting with Soviet Union. That makes Germany harder to defeat their enemies. Zhukov, Russian commander, used strategy to go around the city and trap German’s army. At this point, Hitler still refused to give up, and commanded General Paulus to hold their ground. â€Å"Hitler ordered that Paulus should fight to the last bullet, and to encourage Paulus, he promoted him to field marshal. However, by the end of January 1943, the Germans could do nothing else but surrender. Paulus surrendered the army in the southern sector on January 31st while General Schreck surrendered the northern group on February 2nd, 1943.† (Battle of Stalingrad) 91,000 soldiers were taken as prisoners and about 150,000 men were lost. That’s a huge lost for Germany and their military had been weaken since then. In conclusion, Operation Barbarossa was one of the greatest mistakes Hitler had made. It was the turning point of World War Two. Operation Barbarossa failed because Germany used weak military forces, had poor logistics and planning, and failed to win the Battle of Stalingrad, which is one of the main battles in Operation Barbarossa. The major problem that leads to the failure of this operation was the winter in Russia. That cause many major and minor problems such as weaker military forces, poor transportation. Russian army also has better equipment, gears, vehicles that suit the situation more. Second is that Germany has poor logistics and planning strategy. Germany has over underestimated Soviet Union, and their army, supplies were too confident. That leads to unrealistic, poor strategy and logistics. Finally, Germany lost the Battle of Stalingrad, which is a important major battle in Operation Barbarossa. German’s army was surrounded and Hitler makes the wrong call. Works Cited â€Å"Operation Barbarossa†. New World Encyclopedia. Web. 12 May 2015. MLJ Loganathan. â€Å"Failure Of Logistics In â€Å"Operation Barbarossa† And It’s Relevance Day†. mindef. gov. sg. Web. 12 May 2015. â€Å"Battle of Stalingrad†. History.com. A+E Networks. 2009. Web. 12 May 2015. Erik Sass. â€Å"Operation Barbarossa: The Biggest Military Adventure in History†. Mental_floss. Web. 12 May 2015. Chris Trueman. â€Å"The Battle of Stalingrad†. History Learning Site. 2014. Web. 12 May 2015. Professor Richard Overy. â€Å"The Soviet-German War 1941-1945†. BBC. Web. 12 May 2015. Kennedy Hickman. â€Å"World War II: Battle of Stalingrad†. about education. Web. 12 May 2015.

1870-1880 Essay -- Essays Papers

1870-1880 During the 1870’s the United States experienced great changes with the end of the Civil War. America was going through a period called Reconstruction. Tensions were fairly high and an air of freedom was present throughout the nation. By 1877, it was obvious the United States was beginning to develop into a recognizably modern economic system of making, earning, spending, and living (Brown 60). In 1880, â€Å"over half of American workers worked on farms and only one in twenty worked on manufacturing† (Brown 59). Farmers outnumbered factory by a large number, but factories were still abundant. Child labor occurred after the Civil War as well. By 1872, more than 10,000 children were employed in Philadelphia’s industrial workplaces. That number was even larger in cities such as New York, and it increased as the years progressed (Brown 60). The decade of 1870-1880 consisted of many important issues in American history. Industrialization began to make to makes its way into the American colony. In 1870, the first transcontinental railroad trip in the United States took place. The transcontinental railroad brought America together. This made it easier for traveling and especially made it easier for the industries by being able to commute products back and forth. The transcontinental railroad was the best invention and had a great impact of life for the United States at this time. Another great event that happened for this country was the discovery of gold in 1874. The discovery of gold in the Dakota Territory brought thousands of gold diggers into the Black Hills reservation. Another very important invention that changed America was the telephone on March 10, 1876, by Alexander Graham Bell. This allowed Ameri... ...ccording to Perkins, although French and Russian realists and naturalists influenced James style, â€Å"in Contrast to the European naturalists whose tutelage he acknowledged, he rebelled against the materialistic interpretation of human destiny, and struggled with the problem of undeniable evil as desperately as Hawthorne, whom, among earlier Americans he most admired† (Perkins 1055). This shows that James was greatly influenced by Europeans, but he also has his added his own unique American style. One of James’ stories, â€Å"Daisy Miller," takes place in Switzerland. Throughout this story Europeans see America as being hostile and somewhat harsh. During the decade between 1870 and 1880 , the United States was once again beginning to rebuild the nation. This rebuilding or reconstruction not only affected attitudes, but it affected art and literature throughout the world.

Tim OBriens Zeugmatic Novel, The Things They Carried :: Things They Carried Essays

Tim O'Brien's Zeugmatic Novel, The Things They Carried An early example of zeugma comes from Quintilian, the ancient Roman rhetorician, who cites the following from Cicero: "Lust conquered shame, boldness fear, madness reason," where the verb "conquered" is understood to also govern the final two phrases in the sentence (Crowley 203). The 18th century, an age of great rhetorical knowledge on the part of writers and preachers (and at least one writer-preacher, Laurence Sterne), is the heyday of zeugma. In "The Rape of the Lock" Alexander Pope speculates what may happen to Bellinda on a particularly ominous day: Whether the Nymph shall break Diana's Law, Or some frail China Jar receive a Flaw, Or stain her Honour, or her new Brocade, Forget her Pray'rs, or miss a Masquerade, Or lose her Heart, or Necklace, at a Ball.... (Butt 225) Pope does a beautiful job of contrasting the serious and the superficial in these five lines-will her chastity or her jar become flawed, will she forget her prayers or the masquerade? My paraphrases here fill out an implied zeugma in these lines, but it is in the third and fifth lines where he actually employs zeugma: will she "stain her Honour, or her new Brocade"? Will she "lose her Heart, or Necklace, at a ball"? In these "stain" and "lose" branch out to include (or to be more etymologically correct) YOKE quite different things: lace and a necklace being a bit more easily replaced than a stained honor and a lost heart, as those of you who have been in love may perhaps attest to. Richard Lanham, in a Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, defines zeugma as follows and again cites an example in Pope: "One verb governs several congruent words or clauses, each in a different way, as in 'The Rape of the Lock': Here thou, great Anna! whom three realms obey Dost sometimes counsel take-and sometimes tea." (Lanham 104-5)

Agility Logistics

In the business-economic system, logistics is one of the vital components that fuel success of companies. Every company has a special budget for logistics. Logistics is the aspect that manages the company’s flow of resources and information in order to conform to the consumers’ necessities — from inventory to packaging.Mainly, it is about the movement of funds and resources from one business to another until it reaches the customers. In the recent years, logistics has become a vital part of the production cost with its number ranging from 5% to 10%.Moreover, logistics isn’t just vital to businesses but to the government as well. According to research, logistics is even said to have originated from the military’s need to supply themselves with ammunition and arms. Military logistics, also known as combat service support, carry out the planning, development and maintenance of all military operations. It deals mainly on forecasting the supplies and ser vices needed.Military officials based their assessment and analysis on logistics. It helps greatly in the improvement of facilities and training. Because of the developments in military logistics, the government was able to develop strategies in national defense and security handling.To meet every company’s needs, the concept of third party logistics was formulated. A third part logistics provides outsourced logistics services to companies, thus making company’s obligations and responsibilities easier. Some companies hire a third part logistics instead of spending money in the creation of their logistics department.Currently, there are thousands of companies all over the world that specialize in the field of logistics, providing third part logistics for other companies. Among the top ten companies making names in third part logistics is Agility.Agility OverviewAgility is a company known world wide in the field of logistics, more specifically in third part logistics. It has more than 32,000 employees, and over 550 offices around the globe. Agility classified their services into three business groups: Global Integrated Logistics (GIL), Defense and Government Services (DGS) and Investments. The business groups are described in their official website www.agilitylogistics.com as follows:The Global Integrated Logistics (GIL) business group offers an integrated portfolio of logistics solutions supported by a comprehensive network of warehousing facilities, transportation and freight management services worldwide.Defense and Government Services (DGS), our government contracting group, leverages our global logistics network and our track record of exceptional service to provide comprehensive logistics solutions to the defense and government sector.Agility’s Investments business groups covers three lines of businesses – Real Estate, Private Equity and Trade Facilitation, and our expertise in emerging markets to develop superior investment opp ortunities.Agility’s customers range from businesses related to technology, various retail products to oil related industries. According to the president and CEO of Agility, Essa Al Saleh, â€Å"Agility offers customer-driven solutions dedicated to meeting our customer’s supply chain needs.† Each of Agility’s business group team is dedicated to meet each personalized customer needs in the complex economic system.One Company, Three Business GroupsOne notable strategy of Agility is the division of their company into three business groups: Global Integrated Logistics, Defense and Government Services and Investments. Each client has unique needs. Generally, needs are discussed in a very general and rather vague manner.With Agility’s three business groups, needs are narrowed until identified and classified among the groups. Each of the three business groups has specific functions and solutions particularly designed to answer the requirements of the clie nts.The economic system is very complex. In addition, the government also has needs that should be attended professionally. In the quest to becoming the leader in logistics, Agility made a strategy that will make them the first option of any company, business or government from all over the world when it comes to logistics needs.The services that logistics companies offer have a very wide range. By classifying the services into three specific areas, the clients readily see what Agility has to offer.One of Agility’s main shout out is serving its clients’ personalized needs. The three business groups serve this motto. Because of this strategy, whenever a client has logistics needs or whenever a client is looking for a logistics company to be outsourced, Agility will always be an option. For example, when a government agency, military for example,Global Integrated LogisticsSupply Chain SolutionsAgility has several services under its Supply Chain Solutions: Warehousing and Distribution, Facilities Management, Just-in Time, Vendor Managed Inventory, Employee Relocation, Contract Logistics Management, Origin Cargo Management, Direct to Store and Reverse Logistics.

Climate Smart Agriculture In Pakistan Environmental Sciences Essay

In aftermath of planetary climatic alterations, the developing states like Pakistan will confront the brunt because of their socio-economic features and heavy trust on agribusiness. As clime alteration will impact the agricultural productiveness, Pakistan needs to follow a policy which will guarantee the nutriment of 180 million people. As portion of version scheme, there is a demand of climate smart agribusiness which comprises of IWM ( incorporate H2O direction ) , GMO ‘s ( Genetically Modified Organisms ) , micro crediting and funding, low delta harvests ( necessitate less H2O ) , organic manure, etc. This survey further compares the agricultural productivenesss of different LDC ‘s with Pakistan and their acceptance rate of Green Revolution. Results show that Pakistan, India and Bangladesh have an acceptance rate of more than 60 % , which is really high in comparing with other developing states like Afghanistan, Angola and Yemen, whose acceptance rate has been less tha n 2 % . Furthermore other developing states had non adequate environmental considerations as compared to Pakistan. Finally the survey concludes that even though we have given much importance to the environmental facets yet we will hold to make some more attempts to non merely increase agricultural productiveness but with the clime smart facets of agribusiness. Introduction In the hereafter, Global Warming due to climatic alteration is expected ( due to current planetary seasonal alterations it is expected that planetary heating is go oning in future ) . About 2oC to 4oC addition in temperature over the subcontinent is expected. In these rough conditions the deficit of fresh H2O supply from rivers every bit good as the altered rain autumn forms will decidedly upset our agricultural productiveness. As a consequence more poorness and other societal immoralities will be our destiny. Increased bio diverseness loss along with the clime alterations will increase the habitat loss and finally of all time increasing population ‘s demand of nutrient will be a large inquiry grade for the policy shapers of our state and political disposal. Forests screen of our state is every bit low as 2.2 % or about 1,687,000 hour angle which is being forested in Pakistan. 20.2 % ( 340,000 hour angle ) is classified as primary forest out of it, the most bio diverse and carbon-filled signifier of wood. Pakistan had planted forest 340,000 ha.A Change in Forest Screen: Between 1990 and 2010, Pakistan is losing an norm of 42,000 hour angle or 1.66 % per annum. In entire, between 1990 and 2010, Pakistan has lost 33.2 % of its entire forest screen or around 840,000 hour angle. Pakistan ‘s woods are comprised of 213 million metric dozenss of C in populating forest biomass, which will of class return to the ambiance due to the fast film editing of woods ( FAO, 2010 ) . All the above climatic alteration catastrophes will finally consequence the people of Pakistan ‘s wellness besides by lessening in fresh H2O supply from aquifers or rain H2O fluctuation and taint or by energy lack powered by deficient usage of hydel power and the effusion of epidemic diseases like malaria and dandy fever. Poor H2O supply, increased worm conditions and the increased strength of natural catastrophes will finally transport on holding large decease tolls and as the Malthusian theory suggests natural catastrophes does non care about who is traveling to be vanished, a bookman or any drone. History: – The traditional agricultural agriculture has been with us up to early 1960ss of twentieth century. Afterwards we had followed the green revolution techniques, and with this method we are in a place to go forth India and Bangladesh behind but were behind China in the acceptance rate. Adoption Ratess of Green Revolution Crop in Pakistan Old ages Wheat Rice Maize Millet Sorghum Lentils Land Nuts Potatos All Crops 1965 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 3 1970 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 20 35 1975 50 40 0 0 0 0 0 45 49 1980 88 45 0 0 7 0 0 50 64 1985 90 55 0 0 10 0 0 60 67 1990 91 70 5 5 15 3 1 70 71 1995 92 85 10 10 20 15 3 75 75 2000 95 99 15 15 21 33 5 80 81 The above tabular array is derived from ‘Robert E. Evenson ‘ ( talk in PDR ) â€Å" The Green Revolution and the Gene Revolution in Pakistan: Policy Deductions † . In this tabular array it is evident that the Green Revolution in Pakistan ab initio produced really good consequences i.e. 25 times from 1965 to 1995, with an one-year mean addition of 83 % . It is really high rate of addition in over all harvest outputs but if we compare the consequences with the harvest output addition in 1995-2000 with 1965-1995 ‘s, the one-year mean addition in harvest outputs, it is evident that the one-year mean addition in 1995-2000 remains every bit low as 21.6 % merely. It is clear from above consequences that the so called Green Revolution technique is bit by bit neglecting in our state. LT 2 % 2-10 % 10-20 % 20-30 % 30-40 % 40-50 % 50-65 % GT 65 % Afghanistan Burkina Faso Bolivia Colombia Cuba Dominican Republic Algeries Argentina Angola Cambodia Dahomey Costa Rica United arab republic Persia Bangladesh Chile Burundi Chad Botswana Ecuador Mexico Kenya Brazil China Cardinal African Republic El-Salvador Cameroon Ghana South west africa Maroc Union of burma India Congo ( B ) Gabun Congo ( Z ) Lao people's democratic republic Paraguay Nepal Tunisia Dutch east indies Gambia Guatemala Ca »Ã¢â‚¬Å"te d'Ivoire Malagasy republic Peru Siam Malaya Guinea Bissau Guinea Yaltopya French sudan Saudi- Arabia Turkey Pakistan Mauritanie Haiti Liberia Sierra Leone South- Africa Philippines Mongolia Jamaica Honduras Syria Srilanka Niger Libya Mauritius Vietnam Somalia Nyasaland Nicaragua Yemen Mocambique Nigeria Panama Rwandese republic Senegal Soudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Uruguay Uganda Venezuela Northern rhodesia Rhodesia Table from: Robert E. Evenson ‘ ( talk in PDR, 2010 ) Even though Pakistan is among those states whose acceptance rate of Green Revolution is more than 65 % . Even so we are confronting with the nutrient crises. Why? Because of several grounds i.e. political, societal and distributional grounds along with the territorial and cross boundary line influences. One of these grounds is the none usage of resources harmonizing to sustainable. By sustainable usage of resources we mean that inordinate usage of fertilisers is of no usage, we will hold to reconsider the national policy for the accomplishment of national ends, and that is the emerging construct of Climate Smart Agriculture, in which we must utilize our cherished resources in such a manner that neither there should be an inordinate usage of fertilisers and H2O etc nor we should go forth the hereafter nutrient demands of the of all time increasing population. On the other manus we could non accomplish â€Å" Gene Revolution † which is based on â€Å" Recombinant Deoxyribonucleic acid † , ( a familial Engineering technique ) because we had non introduced the nutrient safety and environmental safety ordinances which are required for Gene Revolution. Gene Revolution is comprised of Genetically Modified merchandises. Approximately 40 per centum of GM merchandises are GM harvest merchandises and 60 per centum are GM wellness merchandises ( Robert E. Evenson in PDR, 2010 ) . The GM harvest merchandises fall into three classs: ( a ) Herbicide Tolerant merchandises. ( B ) Disease Resistant merchandises. ( degree Celsius ) Insect Resistant merchandises ( chiefly from Bacillus thurengiensis ( Bt ) engineered into the works. If we could accomplish the Gene Revolution, it will be a success way taking to Climate Smart agribusiness. Expected Future of nutrient insecurity and Climate Smart Agriculture Post Harvest losingss of Crop The station crop losingss of different harvests of fruits and veggies occur due to hapless engineering of harvest home, improper timing of crop and burden of end product in the Fieldss and long distances from Fieldss to market. This station crop loss is vey important sum of entire end product. In Pakistan these losingss are besides really high particularly in fruits and veggies. Harmonizing to national statistics these loses in Pakistan are runing from 35 to 40 % . During the Kharif 2005-06 the production of veggies was 1.2 million dozenss while it dropped to under 1 million dozenss in 2009-10.Similarly, Rabi 2005-06 production of veggies was about 2.2 million dozenss which came down to 2 million dozenss in 2009-10.and at the same clip the population and demand is increased ( FAO study, 2010 ) . Stay Green seeds assortment should be used in production as this assortment delays the over maturating procedure and vegetable corsets green and remain fresh and functional on the workss for longer period. This will assist and farmer has more clip to reap the harvest and the opportunities of loss will be least. If the authorities take this issue earnestly and by presenting progress engineering and better the substructure it can get the better of these losingss. By making this authorities can guarantee more supply of fruits and veggies and set the monetary values at the lower limit degrees and guarantee the nutrient security in the state, as the most of the hapless people of Pakistan used veggies as the basic nutrient. ( Dawn Economic and Bushiness reappraisal, 25 April, 2011 ) Issues sing Agriculture in Pakistan: Water Handiness: – Pakistan is a H2O lacking state. Agribusiness is the largest individual user of H2O in the state, devouring about 99 per cent of available surface H2O and 92.5 per cent of groundwater beginnings. Groundwater contributes 57 per cent ( 40 MAF ) of entire H2O available at the farm gate, while 43 per cent of irrigation supply comes from river flows. Canal H2O diverted in an mean twelvemonth is 54 MAF, out of which 29 MAF is available at the farm gate. In Punjab, 99 % of surface H2O ( rivers, canals etc. ) and 92.5 % of groundwater ( tube Wellss etc. ) is used for irrigation/ Agricultural intents but, the groundwater is usually piquant doing salination ( Punjab Sustainable Development Report, 2010 ) . While, inordinate use of aquifer has reduced H2O tabular array and increased the cost of pull outing aquifer for irrigation intents. The quality of groundwater is fringy to brackish in 40 per cent of the country of the Indus basin in the state, impacting harvest outputs and taking to the sec ondary salinisation of dirts. Excessive extraction has lowered the H2O tabular array in many countries and increased the cost of pumping groundwater for irrigation. Quality has besides been affected, with the engagement of saline groundwater into the fresh groundwater zone. More over as India is increasing its dike, which will decline the jobs of Pakistan and as a consequence our agricultural production will besides endure. The increased H2O supply due to the climatic alterations i.e. runing the glaciers, will be used up by India. This is the state of affairs in H2O handiness. In Punjab, 99 % of surface H2O ( rivers, canals etc. ) and 92.5 % of groundwater ( tube Wellss etc. ) is used for irrigation/ Agricultural intents but, the groundwater is usually piquant doing salination. While, inordinate use of aquifer has reduced H2O tabular array and increased the cost of pull outing aquifer for irrigation intents ( Punjab Sustainable Development Report, 2010 ) . Water, hygiene, sanitation related diseases costs Pak. economic system Rs. 112 billions/year ( wellness + gaining losingss ) ( WB, 2006 ) ( Env. Degradation Losses ) Costs related to Diarrhea entirely = Rs. 55 to Rs.80 Billion/year High drop-out in schools Beginning: Pakistan Strategic Country Environment Assessment Report ( 2006 ) , The World Bank. Solutions for Water Availability: – So here we can utilize the Climate Smart technique to battle with the immorality of H2O deficit and H2O taints. With the improved H2O harvest home and increasing reservoirs such as dikes if non big dikes so there should be little dikes built desperately in rain fed countries of our state. Proper direction of effluent Water handiness and its taint should be stopped by participatory attack, affecting policy shapers, terminal users and contrivers. There is a technique which saves H2O and is called Alternate-Wetting and Drying ( AWD ) which was developed by the International Rice Research Institute ( IRRI ) in cooperation with national research establishments. Conservation Agriculture ( CA ) is another smart agribusiness technique in which the straws of the harvested harvests are laid on the same field in a mode that it retains wet and birthrate of dirt, this technique is normally practiced in states like Egypt. Dirt foods and birthrate: – For Agriculture production the usage of fertilisers is practiced at really high degree to acquire more output per acre. The domestic production of fertilisers in the twelvemonth 2009-10 was estimated about 4.5 % , and the import of fertilisers was approximately 133 % increased in the same twelvemonth. The entire stock of fertiliser increased 25 % in Pakistan. Excessive usage of fertilisers has been doing debasement of dirts ‘ birthrate. In Pakistan, the usage of natural fertiliser ( organic ) is non being practiced at commercial degree but, at local degree this is practical ( Pakistan Economic Survey, 2009-10 ) . Issues: Due to the intensive usage of machinery and fertilisers soil productiveness alternatively of increasing it is diminishing. Under-utilization or over-utilization of fertilisers is an issue. Excessive usage of fertilisers is termed as â€Å" Fertilization Burn † which causes roots to dry out and even decease of the works. Nitrogen arrested development in the harvests is an indispensable portion and bring forthing unreal N fertilisers needs beginnings like fossil fuels and natural gas which is scarce in nature In the production of ammonia- the major constituent of fertilisers is produce by the usage of natural gas in industrial procedure which is a scarce resource. Soil eroding, Wind eroding, H2O logging Soil eroding causes deposits to settle down in dikes, agricultural run-off, wastewaters in the H2O and sewerage, causes eutrophication ( algae growing on the H2O surface ) . Solutions: Use of organic fertilisers Legumes or lentils ( protein rich beginning workss ) can be used as natural fertilisers which can besides turn to nutrient security issues and increase nutrient transition ratios and lessenings methane emanations besides called green manuring, normally cropped in between two harvests or inter-cropping and in agro-forestry systems to heighten dirt birthrate. Nitrogen is an indispensable food to increase harvest outputs, it can be achieved through composting manures and harvest residues, specifically utilizing techniques like ‘deep arrangement engineerings ‘ or else usage organic fertiliser. Pesticides: – There is inordinate usage of pesticides in Pakistan. In last two decennaries pesticides use has been 1169 % and at least more than 10 sprays are used on a individual harvest ( Technical bulletin, 2000 ) and 80 % pesticide are used on cotton workss ( Government of Pakistan, 2005 ) . Whereas, the old Torahs related to the usage of pesticides has non been updated yet ( Agriculture Pesticide Ordinance APO 1971 & A ; 1973, Mazari, 2005 ) . Issues: – Pesticides are considered one of the major beginnings to command plagues and other insects but they have their ain risky impacts because of soiled chemicals are used to organize pesticides called relentless organic pollutants ( POPs ) and therefore causes H2O pollution, dirt taint. Excessive usage of pesticides besides reduces the N arrested development in dirt, disturbs the pollenation procedure and destroys birds ‘ home ground. Plagues ‘ immune system develops a opposition against pesticides finally human need another type of pesticide to command the plagues. The usage of pesticides can hold an inauspicious consequence on human wellness. Solutions: – Use of good parasitic and marauding insects to command the plagues which are involved in diminishing the works growing such as, beetles etc. Seeds: – In Pakistan we are confronting with the job of lack of research based high giving up assortments ( HYVs ) seeds, on one side we have to pass cherished foreign exchange to purchase them and on the other manus, we are dependent on other states. We have established many agricultural research establishments and research labs like ; Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department ( FSC & A ; RD ) For illustration, Bt. Cotton is seed modified and developed by utilizing the techniques employed in Biotechnology. The usage of this seed increases the green goods by 30 % because it has a capacity to defy plagues, and cotton related diseases which certainly, increase the income of hapless subsistence husbandmans but still, there is a spread between supply and demand so, the monetary values of these HYVs are increasing. During the twelvemonth 2009-10 the 611 seed bring forthing companies are registered ( both populace and private sectors ) in Pakistan. Increasing the cost of production of agribusiness and decreasing the net incomes of husbandmans. More over these are non much reliable. These HYVs are tolerant to plagues, utmost temperatures and diseases. Issues Supply deficits along with dependability of these HYVs Poor provincials can non afford these HYVs These HYVs consume more H2O and we are H2O lacking state Solutions and benefits: – Domestic production of HYVs, which suit our environment Provision of capital to little husbandmans by the authorities Construction of new dikes ( little dikes ) Solution to post production losingss Increased supply of nutrient Stay green assortment of seeds should be used Farm Mechanization: – Farm mechanisation tendency is increasing overtime. It supports cultural patterns, in-time sowing, and decrease in station crop losingss. The farm mechanisation includes tractors, agriculturists, drills, wheat thrashers, sprays, power rigs, tubing Wellss and bull dozers. Entire figure of tractors being used is 342,000 in June 2005. It was expected that the figure of tractors will increase up to 466,000 in 2009-10 ( Working Draft, Planning Commission, 2010 ) . Decision: – To run into the turning demand of the agricultural goods specially for staple nutrient and at the same clip the menace of clime alteration has opportunities to go on as in 2010 the devastated inundations affect the state and damaged the harvests cultivated on 1000000s of hectares. Pakistan needs to follow climate smart agribusiness techniques to turn to this issue. As the FAO has proposed different valuable clime smart methods, Pakistan should follow these patterns as our state is labour abundant and most of our population is involved in agribusiness patterns. But there is deficiency of fiscal spreads. In this paper different issues and their solutions are highlighted different issues sing agribusiness sector which and besides some patterns of clime smart agribusiness is being done but harmonizing to potency of Pakistan ‘s agribusiness it is non being utilized. There is demand of policy devising should include all the stakeholders to do the agribusiness sector more productive a cquire the higher consequences by using the resources more expeditiously. Even though there are a batch of hurdlings in accommodating to the Climate Smart agribusiness technique such as institutional, societal, and political and deficiency of agricultural instruction, we have the possible to come up with this evident demand of future. We have to get down this now or otherwise it will be excessively late to be blamed by our hereafter coevalss, that what we were endowed and what we have left for them. Policy Recommendations: – Increase Agriculture production through debut of advanced engineerings, scientific method, and better policy devising Management and preservation of H2O resources in such a manner that more portion of the land is facilitated with more irrigated H2O like ; trickle irrigation Technique of Smart Agriculture ( intercrossed seeds, green manuring, H2O etc. ) in hard currency harvests in such a manner that their exports can be enhanced Using Research and Development ( R & A ; D ) for the production of Hybrid seeds within the state to cut down the imported seeds, and cut down the impacts of clime alteration doing seasonal holds. Agriculture recognition and micro funding installation should be easy available particularly to little husbandmans ( like ; one window operation ) . Guaranting the inducements for little husbandmans through support monetary value system ( subsidies by authorities ) so that their income may increase. Timely handiness of Agricultural inputs to cut down the negative impact of clime alteration on agribusiness. Development and debut of smart agricultural techniques to cut down the agricultural dirt emanations.