Bullying As An Acceptable Schoolyard - 1486 Words

When people say â€Å"bully†, the image of the mean kid on the playground who wants to take your lunch money or force you to do their homework comes to mind. However, this perception of bullying as an acceptable schoolyard â€Å"rite of passage† is incredibly antiquated and hardly encompasses the seriousness of the issue that â€Å"bullying† has become. Bullies today are much crueler; they may carry weapons on school campuses, and thanks to social media, can follow the victim into their homes. In some of the most extreme cases in the last few decades have resulted in young victims who have attempted/succeeded in committing suicide. The emotional damage, the social crippling, and seeing no foreseeable end to the torment, but the option to end one’s life;†¦show more content†¦Most people can remember a time when they were bullied or were a bully. We can often identify the potential victims of bullying, based on our stereotypes. Sometimes it can even be considered a matter of tradition and ritual; this is seen in the â€Å"hazing† practices of clubs. Today’s bullying is much more aggressive, persistent, and damaging. The message sent to society is that bullying is not serious and has allowed it to evolve and perpetuate into the serious social consideration that we now face today. Bullying is a rapidly growing issue all over the world. While the UK calculates the number of bullied children at approximately 23%, this is much lower than the United States 76%, and finally China, which claims the lowest percentage. However, while the percentages may vary, what they all have in common is that they are all â€Å"on the rise†. Studies on bullying have broken down the types of bullying that are most common. Verbal bullying: this includes name calling, mockery, and insults. Relational Aggression/Emotional bullying: the â€Å"clique† mentality of students. The ostracizing and rumor spreading that is used to ruin the person’s social standing and reputation. Sexual bullying: the ostracizing and the ruining of someone’s reputation through sexual gossip. Prejudicial bullying: focuses on individuals of differing

Joseph Stalin The Dictator Of The Ussr - 1426 Words

Joseph Stalin English II Mrs. Galloway Dylan Kronk 24 February 2017 Dylan Kronk English II Galloway 6th 24 February 2017 Joseph Stalin (Rough Draft) Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the USSR, formerly known as Russia. Joseph Stalin did many good things that made the USSR what it is today. The USSR is one of the world’s many super powers. Joseph Stalin was a dictator who forcefully kept control, killed his people, persecuted, and westernized Russia. Although Stalin did some good to the country, he did great bad. Joseph Stalin was one of the worst dictators of the world. To start, a dictator is a ruler who forcefully has complete control over a country. A dictator can either get their power through†¦show more content†¦He adopted the name Koba, after a fictional Georgian outlaw-hero, and joined the more militant wing of the Marxist Social Democratic movement, the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin. Stalin also became involved in various criminal activities, including bank heists, the proceeds from which were used to help fund the Bolshevik Party. He was arrested multiple times between 190 2 and 1913, and subjected to imprisonment and exile in Siberia.† So, all of the things Stalin executed or sent people to camps for were things he did in his past. Joseph Stalin did some good. Russia was years behind the rest of the world. They had missed out on the Renaissance. They could not trade because they lacked a warm water port, and the ones they had were frozen every year. But Stalin tried to solve these problems by creating five-year plans. A quote from History.com says, â€Å"Joseph Stalin launched a series of Five-Year Plans intended to transform the Soviet Union from a peasant society into an industrial superpower†(Joseph Stalin- History.com) These plans were to westernize Russia at fast rates. They set high quotas in industries like coal, oil, and steel(BBC.co). The quotas weren t often met, but the plans brought great industrial success. This success came at great costs. Stalin’s Five-Year Plans focused everything on industry and not the people. Th ey cut the productionShow MoreRelatedBio of Stalin1535 Words   |  7 Pagesambitious, Joseph Stalin grabbed control of the Soviet Union after the death of V.I. Lenin in 1924. As a member of the Bolshevik party, Joseph Stalin (his adopted name, meaning Man of Steel) had an active role in Russias October Revolution in 1917. He maneuvered his way up the communist party hierarchy, and in 1922 was named General Secretary of the Central Committee. By the end of the 1920s, Joseph Stalin had expelled his rival Leon Trotsky, consolidated power, and was the de facto dictator of theRead MoreJoseph Stalin : The Dictator Of The Soviet Union Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Stalin was a former general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party of the Soviet Union. Stalin was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 1929 to 1953. His Red Army helped defeat Nazi Germany during WWII. On December 18th, 1879, in the Russian peasant village of Gori, Georgia, Joseph Stalin was born. His full birthname was Josef Vissarionovich Djugashvili. He died on March 5th, 1953 in Kuntsevo Dacha. Joseph was buried in the Kremlin Wall NecropolisRead MoreJoseph Stalin s Life And Life1338 Words   |  6 Pages Joseph Stalin On March 18, 1878 in the small town of Gori Georgia a woman named Keke Geladze give birth to a baby boy by the name of Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (later changed to Joseph Stalin). At the time, obviously, Keke had no idea of what that little boy would go on to do. She had no idea that by the end of his life that same baby boy would have a kill count of around up to 20 million people and would have tortured millions of millions of people along with becoming one of the most powerfulRead MoreWhat. Should Textbooks Emphasize?737 Words   |  3 Pagesnations they were being controlled by a very authoritative man named Joseph Stalin. He ruled by a totalitarian grip and by terror in order to completely destroy anyone who might protest against him. He encouraged many citizens to spy on one another, he also had millions of people killed and sent to the Gulag systems of forces labors. Stalin also made the secret police gain many more powers. During the 1930’s stalin created a series of campaigns to completely eliminate the Communist PartyRead MoreMacbeth and Stalin1481 Words   |  6 Pagespower as opposed to corrupt leader who will pursue his self-interests by misusing his power. Such assumptions can be made with the ruthless and mass murderer dictator, Joseph Stalin and the cruel tyrant from Shakespeare play Macbeth. Joseph Stalin is known as the most merciless and murderous dictator in history. While ruling the soviet USSR for quarter of the century his regime caused many deaths of innocent people and prominent political members. From 1924 onwards, he executed many political membersRead MoreMartin Luther King, And Nelson Mandela1678 Words   |  7 Pagestranscendental ideas, such as Alexander Hamilton and Joseph Stalin. It can also be noted that those who have transcendental ideas are 20th-century thinkers and politicians while those who are not transcendentalist thinker are 18th-century politicians. People such as Martin Luther Ki ng and Nelson Mandela had their political career after the nineteenth-century transcendentalist movement, while Alexander Hamilton had his political career prior to the movement. Joseph Stalin is different, his political philosophyRead MoreStalin s Regime Of The Soviet Union1418 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Stalin was a ruthless dictator who killed millions of his own people. Stalin maneuvered his way through the ranks until he was the leader of the Communist party. He then proceeded to attempt to gain complete control on the country through the government. Stalin was involved in World War II with Germany until Hitler turned on Stalin. In the end, all Joseph Stalin accomplished was tearing apart the U.S.S.R. Stalin rose to power by moving up the ranks while Lenin was in control of the SovietRead MoreStalins Emergence as Leader Essay1091 Words   |  5 Pagesage 53 and a major struggle for power in the Soviet Union began. A triumvirate led by Joseph Stalin succeeded Lenin. By 1928, Stalin had assumed absolute power, ruling as an often brutal dictator until his death in 1953. But how is it that Stalin emerged as the new leader of the Soviet Union. In this essay I am going to explore the reasons to how and why this happened. Stalin held a very powerful and very important position, as the general secretary of the party.Read MoreWhat Were The Consequences That Erupted After The Pact Between Hitler And Stalin?1947 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction What were the consequences that erupted after the pact between Hitler and Stalin? The results of the pacts between Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin were betrayals and battles, which changed the course of the war. If not for the striking similarities between the two dictators, which led to their downfall, the Axis, Germany, Italy and Japan,would have had the opportunity to win the largest war in recent history; however, due to the occurrence of the betrayal on Hitler’s behalf, the warRead MoreThe Battle Between Our Own Limitations859 Words   |  4 Pagespeople had been influenced, but he did struggle during his writing years. Joseph Stalin was a cruel harsh russian dictator. Joseph was the dictator of the soviet union. He was the most tyrannical and oppressive dictator in the history of USSR and helped institute totalitarian rule of soviet union (Ryan, James: Ebscohost). Stalin wasn t very likeable when it came to him being the dictator of the soviet union. Joseph had control over millions of people. He executed or jailed most of those who helped

Designing and developing an integrated information system - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4270 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Information Systems Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 1. INTRODUCTION As computer technology changes at fast pace, many businesses sectors also upgrade their computer system constantly in order to stay competitive. For such, the function has become indispensable asset of the companies that process enormous amount of data and complex transactions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Designing and developing an integrated information system" essay for you Create order Payroll is an example of a complex transaction a company has. Its preparation is crucial since it involves accounts and requires confidentiality. The use of an integrated information system will facilitate the accomplishment of jobs easier, faster and more efficiently. According to Kanchov (2006), application program is the bridge between the users and the database, where data are stored. Thus, a well-developed application program and database ensure the reliability, flexibility, and functionality of an information system. Information technology use aims at increasing the efficiency and reliability of management and monitoring of records. Steven M. Bragg (2006) says that in payroll system the timekeeping function is coming under increasing attack, as cost accountants realize that the cost of administering a detailed timekeeping system is exceeding the value of the result information. This issue can be resolved either by reducing the level of timekeeping effort until the effort expanded equals the utility of the resulting information (which may result in the complete elimination of the timekeeping function) or by more fully automating the timekeeping and payroll functions, so that the cost of the system administration is reduced to the point where it is once again a cost-effective means of tracking labor activities. According to Chowdury (2008), Inventory System is known to be used by many financial institutions. PIM (Perpetual Inventory Method) system maintains an up-to-date record of accurate level of goods at hands by ensuring that stocks are accounted for at all times. The process includes details of all recording purchase and sales receipts and issues and running balances of all stocks. In line with this, the researchers proposed for Balaod Mindanaw Incorporated a LAN Base system for a fully secured and reliable data, easy maintenance, and quicker data retrieval. Balaod Mindanaw Incorporated has decided to automate its transactions. BALAOD-Mindana w traces its beginnings to Balay Mindanaw Foundation, Inc. (BMFI) legal program as implemented by the LARGE (Legal Assistance for Agrarian Reform, Governance and Empowerment) Unit. BALAOD Mindanaw is a non-stock, non-profit organization that aims to help in the advancement of the legal and justice issues of different marginalized sectors and communities in Mindanao in the context of active peoples participation in governance. BALAOD sets forth in following organizational goals to promote paralegal formation and provide other legal services to marginalized sectors and communities in Mindanao; to conduct capability-building interventions on local legislation and dispute resolution; to provide a venue for networking and alternative legal assistance for law practitioners, law schools and law students in Mindanao; and to facilitate the creation of a favorable policy environment responsive to the needs of marginalized sectors and communities in Mindanao. 2. FRAMEWORK This study designed and developed an integrated information system to facilitate better operations of the organization. The researchers used the Practical Approach to Payroll Administration and Shared Services Approach. Practical Approach will create an awareness of statutory laws (eg. Employment Act, CPF Act, SDF Act, Income Taxt Act, and others) and give the overview of the components of a computerized payroll system. Also the approach will help develop an understanding of compensation components and the latest trends affecting payroll administration ( Subbu and Daofen, 2006). Shared Services Approach is an operational philosophy that involves centralizing administrative functions that were once performed in divisions or locations. Services that can be shared among the various business units of a company include finance, purchasing, inventory, and payroll (Sherman, 2008). Figure 1 illustrates the context diagram of developed Integrated Information System for Balaod Mindanaw, I nc. It shows the system relationship for the four entities: the Finance Officer, Employee, Librarian, and the Supply Officer. The system will automatically calculate the number of work hours of every employee and the deduction for every employees absence and under time. The system will send the information to other entities, applying the shared service approach by which information like employee information, books available in the library, and budget and inventory of every department are circulated. 3. Objective of the Study 3.1 General Objective of the study This study aimed at designing and developing an Integrated Information System for Balaod Mindanaw, Inc. The system is intended to minimize the effort of the user in the processing of payroll slip, payroll form, library slip, library form and in the monitoring of supplies. Also, the system is intended to create a well-arranged database to implement strong data security system. 3.2 Specific Objectives of the study The study sought to accomplish the following specific objectives: 3.2.1. To access the present payroll system of Balaod Mindanaw, Inc. 3.2.2. To profile the respondents in terms of age, gender, civil status, birth date, birth place, province, home address, current home address, family information, and education. 3.2.3. To identify the underlying problems of the present system involving the processes on payroll, library, inventory and the monitoring of supplies. 3.2.4. To determine the accuracy and effectiveness of the present system and the possible benefits of the proposed information system. 4. Statement of the Problem The study specifically sought to address the following problems of Balaod Mindanaw Inc: 4.1. The HR uses only papers to record employee information. Such system slows down the retrieval of data. 4.2. The file can easily be damaged and lost. 4.3. Double checking the consistency of supply records is time-consuming. 4.4. Financial computations are time-consuming and prone to mathematical errors that may cause financial or legal trouble. 5. Scope and Limitation The proposed system covers the process of budget monitoring for every department, requisition of equipment and books in the library, inventory of supplies, and monitoring of expenses of every department. The proposed payroll system covers the keeping of Daily Time Record for computing the exact wages of each employee. The system can do the following: 5.1. Compute monthly net income, deductions, and loans such as SSS, Philhealth, COLA, Emergency loans, PAG IBIG, and withholding tax. 5.2. Calculate budget allocation plus expenses of every department 5.3. Add book borrows records 5.4. Add employee information 5.5. Add employees login and logout records 6. Significance of the Study The proposed system will benefit the following entities: The Manager. The system will provide the manager with reliable and accurate reports concerning the companys budget and equipment use. The Supply Officer. The system will help the supply officer conduct an inventory of the supplies to generate reliable reports for referencing. The Finance Department. The system will help the finance department monitor all the expenses of every department and conduct liquidation anytime. Also, the department can process the payroll faster and accurately. The Company. The system will give the company the advantage over other companies that still use the traditional way of running the operations. Also, it will help the company increase its performance to satisfy its clients. The Future Researchers. The findings of the study will serve as basis for developing related system for other companies or establishments. 7. Output The output of the study is the Integrated Information System for Balaod Mindanaw, Incorporated. A complete Program Structure, Database Specifications and Design, and System User Manual go with the software. All program source codes are also fully documented and compiled. 8. Research Methodology The researchers used the simplified water fall model, which illustrates the sequential software development process in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through the phases. Water fall development has distinct goals for each phase development from conceptualization through designing, implementation, testing, installation, troubleshooting, deployment of the system, and maintenance. 8.1. The Requirement Gathering and Analysis. The researchers surveyed literature and interviewed the user about the companys present system so that the system limitations could be identified and addressed 8.2. System Design.A system with applications addressing the present systems limitations was designed and developed. 8.3. Implementation. The developed system was applied given the permission of the company. 8.4. Testing.The developed system was subjected to interface testing, functionality testing, and front-end and back-end integration testing. 8.5. Deployment of the Sy stem.After a series of testing, the system was deployed to the working environment. 8.6. Maintenance. Lastly, it is very likely for the developed system to encounter system errors and unexpected bugs. Thus, the researchers will diagnose and resolve unknown issues. Further, the researchers will consider further enhancement of the database system. 8.1 CURRENT SYSTEM Narrative Description of the Current System First, every department submits a projected expense to the finance department or a proposed budget for the entire year, and then the finance department presents the projected expense of every department to the manager for approval. If the budget is approved, the finance department grants the approved budget to the department to be utilized within one year. If the budget is not approved, the finance department returns the projected expense to the department for adjustment or modification. Second, every department requests for supply to the supply officer. The supply officer asks the finance department for the budget. Then the budget for supply is submitted to the manager for approval. If the budget is approved, then the finance department gives the budget to the supply officer for the purchase of the requested supply. Then the purchased supply is given to the requesting department. 8.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM Narrative Description of the Proposed System The employee registers to indicate login and logout. The registration serves as reference for payroll. Every department sends its budget request through the system. The finance can view the budget request. The finance then presents the budget to the manager for approval. Once the requested budget is approved, the finance notifies the department as to the approval of the budget. The manager can view all transactions. For the supply requisition, the department sends the request to the supply officer. Then the supply officer forwards the request to the finance officer for the budget. Once the budget for the supply is approved by the finance officer, the supply officer canvasses and purchases the requested supply. The supply will then be delivered to the requesting department. The supply officer monitors the deliveries and declares the status of materials, and decides replacement of them. The finance department can add employees records and accounts and view the expenses of the entire department. The librarian handles all the book and journals. All book records are kept by a library staff. If the employee borrows a book, the librarian records the details of the book and the borrowers name. If the book is lost by the borrower, the librarian submits a note about the lost to the HR Department. 9.2 DATABASE STRUCTURE The system uses one database, which is the IISBalaodMindanao. It contains many tables and stores information such as employees record, daily time record, basic salary. And also, the system monitors the status of books in the library and other essential data. 9.3 Data Dictionary EmployeesProfile DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION EmployeeID AutoNumber 6 Not Null Unique key of employees ID No. LName Text 10 Not Null Last name of the employee FName Text 15 Not Null First name of the employee MName Text 10 Not Null Middle name of the employee Civil_Status Text 7 Not Null Status of the employee Age Text 2 Not Null Age of the employee Bdate Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Birth date of the employee Bplace Text 20 Not Null Birth place of the employee CellphoneNo Number 11 Not Null Mobile number of the employee Landline Decimal 8 Not Null Landline number of the employee Email_Add Varchar 12 Not Null Email address of the employee Current_Home_Add Decimal 30 Not Null Current home address of the employee Permanent_Home_Add Varchar 30 Not Null Permanent home address of the employee Province_Add Varchar 20 Not Null Provincial address of the employee Religion Varchar 15 Not Null Religion of the employee SSSNo Number Integer Not Null SSS number of employee PhilhealthNo Number Integer Not Null Philhealth number of employee TINNo Number Integer Not Null TIN number of employee FamilyInfo DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION FamilyInfoID AutoNumber 10 Not Null ID number of every member of the family EmployeeID Number 6 Not Null Primary key employees ID No. FName Text 15 NotNull First name of every family members LName Text 10 Not Null Last name of every family members MName Text 10 Not Null Middle name of every family members BDate Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Birth date of every family members BPlace Text 30 Not Null Birth place of every family members Relationship Text 10 Not Null Relationships between the family to the employee WorkExperience DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION Work_ExpID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Unique key works experience Id number EmployeeID Number 8 Not Null Primary ID number of employee Inclusive_Dates Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Inclusive dates of work experience Position Text 50 Not Null Position of the employee Company_Name Text 80 Not Null Companys name WorkDescription DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION Job_DescriptionID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Unique key of job description ID Work_ExpID Number Long Integer Not Null Primary key of works experience ID Job_Description Text 250 Not Null Description of job taken Organization DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION OrganizationID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Unique key of organizations ID EmployeesID Number Long Integer Not null Primary key of employees ID number OrganizationName Text 80 Not Null Organizations name of employee Position Text 50 Not Null Position of the employee in the organization ImportantSeminar DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION SeminarID Auto Long Integer Not Null Unique key of seminars ID EmployeeID Number Long Integer Not Null Primary key of employees number Title Text 75 Not Null Title of seminars taken Date_Conducted Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Date of conducted seminars Venue Text 100 Not Null Seminars venue Sponsoredby Text 100 Not Null Sponsors of the seminar EducationalProfile DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION EducID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Unique key of educational ID EmployeeID Number Long Integer Not Null Primary key of employees number SchoolName Text 80 Not Null Name of school SchoolAddress Text 80 Not Null Address of school InclusiveDate Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Inclusive date LevelName Text 50 Not Null Name level Course Text 50 Not Null Course taken Skills DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION SkillID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Skills ID EmployeeID Number Long Integer Not Null Primary key of employees number SkillsName Text 50 Not Null Kinds of skills Talents DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION TalentID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Unique key of talents ID EmployeeID Number Long Integer Not Null Primary key of employees number TalentName Text 50 Not Null Kinds of talents Interest DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION InterestID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Unique key of interest ID EmployeeID Number Long integer Not Null Primary key of employees number Interestname Text 100 Not Null Interests name Logout DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION LogoutID Auto Number 6 Not Null Unique key of Logouts ID EmployeeID Number 6 Not Null Primary key of employees number Logout_Date Date/time Date/Time Not Null Date of logouts Logout_Time Date/time Date/Time Not Null Time of logouts Login DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION LoginID Auto Number 6 Not Null Unique of logins ID EmployeeID Number 6 Not Null Primary key of employees number Login_Date Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Date of Login Login_Time Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Time of login Books DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION BookID Auto Number 6 Not Null Unique of book ID BookTitle Text 30 Not Null Titles book BookDetails DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION BookdetailsID AutoNumber 89 Not Null Unique key of book Details ID BookID Number 6 Not Null Primary key of Books ID Description Text 100 Not null Description of books Year_Publish Number 5 Not Null Year of published book Subject Text 255 Not Null Subject key of the book BookQty Number 3 Not Null Quantity of books Note Text 100 Not Null Notes in the book Author Text 25 Not Null Author of the book BookBarrowed DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION BarrowedID AutoNumber 6 Not Null Unique key of Borrowed ID EmployeeID Number 6 Not Null Primary key of employees ID BookID Number 6 Not Null Primary key of Books ID BorrowedDate Date/Time Date/time Not Null Date of when the books borrowed ReturnDate Date/time Date/time Not Null Return date of when the books borrowed BookQty Number 3 Not Null Quantity of books BookAuthors DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION AuthorsID AutoNumber 6 Not Null Unique key of Authors ID BookID Number 6 Not Null Primary key of Books ID AuthorsName Text 35 Not Null Authors name BookCategory DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION CategoryID AutoNumber 6 Not Null Unique key of book categorys ID BookDetailsID Number 100 Not Null Primary key of books details ID CategoryName Text 100 Not Null Book categorys name Department DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION Dept_ID Number 6 Not Null Unique key of departments ID EmployeeID Number 6 Not Null Primary key of Employees ID Dept_Details_ID Number 6 Not Null Primary of Departments details ID Dept_Position Text 24 Not Null Departments position DepartmentDetails DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION Dept_Details_ID AutoNumber 6 Not Null Unique key of Departments details ID Dept_Code Text 20 Not Null Departments code Dept_Name Text 50 Not Null Departments name Dept_Description Text 100 Not null Departments description DepartmentBudget DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION Dept_Budget_ID AutoNumber 6 Not Null Unique key of Departments budget ID Dept_ID Number 6 Not Null Primary key of departments ID Dept_Budget_Details_ID Number 50 Not Null Primary key of departments budget details DepartmentBudgetDeatails DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION Dept_Budget_Details_ID AutoNumber 50 Not Null Unique key of departments budget details Budget_Name Text 45 Not Null Budgets name Date_Allocated Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Departments budget date allocated Covered_Date Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Departments budget date covered Ammount_Allocated Number 5 Not Null Departments budget amount allocated Source_Allocation Text 105 Not Null Departments budget source allocation Expense DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION ExpenseID AutoNumber 6 Not Null Unique key of expenses ID Dept_ID Number 6 Not Null Primary key of departments ID Dept_Budget_ID Number 6 Not Null Primary key of departments budgets ID Expense_DetailsID Number 8 Not null Primary key of expenses details ID ExpenseDetails DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION Expense_DetailsID Number 8 Not Null Unique key of expenses details ID Expense_Date Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Expenses date Expense_Type Text 30 Not Null Expenses type Expense_Amount Number 5 Not Null Expenses amount Expense_Description Text 105 Not Null Expenses description Salary DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION SalaryID AutoNumber 8 Not Null Unique key of salary ID EmployeeID Number 6 Not Null Primarys key of Employees ID AmountSalary Number 5 Not Null Salarys amount Benefit DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION BenefitID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Unique key of benefit ID EmployeeID Number Integer Not Null Primary key of Employees ID BenefitName Text 50 Not Null Benefits name Amountbenefit Number integer Not Null Benefits amount Deduction DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION DeductionID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Unique key of deduction ID EmployeeID Number Iinteger Not Null Primary key of employees ID DeductionName Text 50 Not Null Deductions name DeductionAmount Number Integer Not Null Deductions amount Requisition DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION RequisitionID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Unique ID for requested material Dept_ID Number Long Integer Not Null Foreign key of department ID RequestedDescriptionID Number Long Integer Not Null Primary key of request description RequestPurposeID Number Long Integer Not Null Primary key of request purpose Date_Requested Date/Time Date/Time Not Null Date of request Requisition_Type Text 50 Not Null Type of requisition Quantity Number Integer Not Null Quantity of Supply requested Unit Text 20 Not Null Unit of Supply requested Requested_Name Text 255 Not Null Name of request Requested_Remarks Text 20 Not Null Remarks of request RequestDescription DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION RequestDescriptionID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Primary key of request description RequestDescrip Text 250 Not Null Description of the request Request Purpose DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION RequestPurposeID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Primary key of request purpose RequestPurpose Text 250 Not Null Purpose of the request User Account DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION AccountID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Account ID of User EmployeeID Number Long Integer Not Null Foreign key of user Account Username Text 20 Not Null Name of the user Password Text 10 Not Null Password of the User Payroll Archiving DATA FIELD TYPE DATA TYPE SIZE VALUE DESCRIPTION Payroll_Archieve_ID AutoNumber Long Integer Not Null Primary key of payroll archive PayDate_Year Text 255 Not Null Year of pay date PayDate_Month Text 255 Not Null Month of pay date PayDate_Day Text 255 Not Null Day of pay date Employee_Name Text 255 Not Null Name of employee Basic_Salary Text 255 Not Null Amount of salary Cola Text 255 Not Null Cost of living allowance Deminimis Text 255 Not Null Deminimis TranspoAllowance Text 255 Not Null Transportation allowance GrossPay Text 255 Not Null Gross pay Pagibig Text 255 Not Null Pagibig loan SSS Text 255 Not Null SSS loan WTax Text 255 Not Null Withholding tax SalaryLoan Text 255 Not Null Salary loan CBMOLoan Text 255 Not Null CBMO loan TotalDeduction Text 255 Not Null Total deduction Netpay Text 255 Not Null Net pay 10. Project Description, Requirements and Specifications 10.1 Database Functional Description Basic functions apply to all database tables. 10.1.2 ADD Through this command, the Administrator can easily add new records like employees information, accounts, book records, and supply inventory. The inputted information is directly saved in the database. The special keys are the primary keys and foreign keys. The primary key stands as a unique key while the foreign key stands as the reference key. These special key fields are automatically generated by the system. Ex. Primary key: EmpIDNo Foreign key: EmpIDNo For the back-end, the researchers used the Microsoft Access 2003. This will handle the inputted information in the corresponding tables with the database. Restriction / Limitation The system will reject records that lack the necessary information especially for the fields that cannot be nulled. Performance Requirements The function produces a record for each user and checks for duplicate records in the users file. If there is redundancy, the function will display a message telling the user that the inputted record already existed. It may allow user to add a certain transaction. Design Constraints All inputs can be in lower and upper cases. The system will automatically convert each of the inputs to its upper case before it is stored in the database. 10.1.3 DELETE Process Narrative This command allows the administrator to delete the entire records from the database. If the administrator will click the delete command, a dialog box will appear and ask a confirmation to delete. After that, the data are automatically deleted from the database. Performance Requirements Only the authorized personnel can access this function or command. The administrator has the right to delete the entire records from the database. Design Constraints The delete command is a crucial command since the user deals with payroll. 10.1.4 UPDATE Process Narrative Update is applicable for both the staff and the administrator. Either of them can update employee details and other information. Both the staff and the administrator can have full access to the system if they wish to update any information regarding a particular employee, payroll accounts, supplies, and books in the library. Restriction/ Limitation The restriction of the NEW function applies to the UPDATE function as well. In addition, since the administrator can use this functional command to edit the general information like the employees profile, book information, budget monitoring, supplies record, and payroll accounts. The ones that can be deleted from the database are those unnecessary data. Performance Requirements The functional command must provide an option for canceling the changes or modifications made before such changes are saved in the database. Design Constraints Only the administrator has the right to update all data in the system. 10.1.5 SEARCH Process Narrative This functional command is commonly used under the library system to search the book id and title. This command can also be used for payroll system to search the employees number, first name, and last name. Restriction/ Limitation Only the authorized personnel can access or use this functional command. The string can be either the last name or the first name or it can be the employees ID number, thus provided to appear exactly as stored in the database. Performance Requirements It locates the entered file name and automatically find and match the said file name. Design Constraints The system only generates the entered file name and data size specifically if it is employee ID number or such phrase. 10.1.6 PRINT Process Narrative The administrator can print the pay slip and book slip through the system by clicking the functional command. Restriction/ Limitation The administrator can only print the book record, summary of the payroll accounts, pay slips, and records of the remaining budget. Performance Requirements The administrator should able to print data as generated by the system such as pay slips, books details and budget record. Design Constraints The only data that can be printed are the generated unofficial summary of the entire records. 10.1.7 Clear Process Narrative The administrator can remove any data that are currently stored in a particular field. 11. Conclusion The Integrated Information System for Balaod Mindanaw Inc. works as designed. The system provides a fast and reliable way of facilitating transactions especially in payroll and requisition and inventory of supplies. Also, the system ensures the security of stored date.

E Commerce at Yunnan Lucky Air - 1685 Words

E - Commerce at Yunnan Lucky Air: Introduction: Backed by the Hainan Airlines of the China, Yunnan Airlines was founded in 2004 as one of the most cost-effective domestic airline operating from its hub in Kunming, in the province of Yunnan. The limited route license added to the airline’s competitive advantage and maintained its monopoly within the region. Its major competitors include Air China and China Southern Airlines among others. As Yunnan is one of the most attractive tourist destinations of Southern China, the airline attracted a lot of customers and started producing profits within just three years of its inception. This huge success was the result of a viable strategy of the company that included just one type of airplane to†¦show more content†¦A lot of factors need to be considered by the executive team of Lucky Air. An ill-devised or poorly implemented marketing plan would not only hinder the company’s growth, it would also result in the loss of the edge they have over the other companies. The four cost components of the airline industry – fuel, landing fees, aircraft leasing and taxes - has made operating Lucky Air in a productive manner a constant challenge. Even though the company has a high competitive advantage being linked to Hainan Airlines, it still needed to upgrade its business strategy on a regular basis to ensure maintaining the lead they had over the other airlines. The company like all its counterparts face a myriad of restraints including heavily regulated governmental laws, limitation to price reduction, a low potential for rapid expansion due to government restrictions and heavy taxes. Lucky Air being new in the field and operating on a small geographical area has to burden a lot of costs. The restriction on expansion of the company makes it necessary for the airlines to lease the airplanes at a high cost and the taxes ranging from 2%-10% makes it a challenge to manage its finances. The monopoly of ‘Civil Aviation Oil’ for fuel and â€Å"National Development Reform Commission’ for aircraft leasing puts a burden on the budget of the airline companies as they may dictate the terms of their services as they see fit. Another factor that Lucky Air has to keep in mind while devising its businessShow MoreRelatedE-Commerce at Yunnan Lucky Air5422 Words   |  22 Pages08-076 August 11, 2008 E-commerce at Yunnan Lucky Air Inaki Berenguer, Cai Shijun, Li Liang, Liu Jing, Ningya Wang Preserve the essence of traditional Chinese culture while learning from successful models of the world. - Yunnan Lucky Air, statement of corporate culture Fortune had favored Yunnan Lucky Air. Four years after its founding in 2004, Lucky Air had grown into a US$104.3 million (RMB720 million) low-cost airline, serving domestic routes from its hub in Kunming, the capital of southwesternRead MoreYunnan Luck Air Case Study Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pages1. What are Yunnan Lucky Air’s best options? Luck Air had a great business model, and that was to follow the same model as Southwest Airlines in the United States. Because Luck Air is considered a domestic airline in China they operate on a small scale compared to major competitors and so it made economical sense to offer low-cost, high-efficiency to their customers. In 2007 Lucky Air was able to more than double the amount of passengers from the year before by using a low-cost tactic. HoweverRead MoreLucky Air the Beginning727 Words   |  3 Pages1. What are Yunna Lucky Air’s best options? Lucky Air chose to follow the model of the Southwest Airlines in the United States. Lucky Air is a domestic airline located in China. Because it is a low-cost and high-efficiency airline it doubled the amount of passengers since 2007. E-commerce was a risk Luck Air decided to take on because other airlines were now offering low-cost high-efficiency flights. E-commerce by definition is commercial transactions conducted electronically on the internet. This

Comparing The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Pit...

Comparing The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Pit and the Pendulum by Edgar Allan Poe In this essay I will be focusing on the comparisons between the two horrific tales, The Signalman written by Charles Dickens and The Pit and the Pendulum written by Edgar Allan Poe, and by looking at these tales, will give me an idea of how suspense is built up. In the opening paragraph of The Signalman, suspense is built up immediately as the sense of sound adds confusion and many rhetorical questions are asked such as, who is calling? Why is he calling? What is he calling about? Hallo, below there! suggests this. This adds a lot of trepidation for the reader. When the signalman looks down to†¦show more content†¦What will his reaction be to this man? The short expression great dungeon gives the reader the impression that its not just the signalman wanting to go to the natural world, but the unnatural world where he is, letting him out into the natural world. As the narrator reaches the bottom of the train track, he signifies it as a barbarous, depressing and forbidden air, which means, rough, sad and air which is outlawed. The narrator portrays the place as when he got to the railway line he felt as if he had left the natural world which indicates the place was like a totally different place what so ever. As far as we know he could have entered into another dimension. It sets the atmosphere too as black tunnel, and so little sunlight ever found its way gives the reader the sight of darkness and sin around the railway track. When the narrator arrives at the bottom, straight away you can see the shock and jolt on the face of the signalman. Why is he like this we ask? This builds suspense because it makes us wonder what is the signalman seeing in this man that us readers cannot see. The place affects the narrator in many ways as the narrator becomes more involved in to the story. He asks many questions such as lonely stop to occupy is it not? which the narrator finds it amusing or odd which makes him to

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Questions: 1. How will the culture affect the support provided for the aging population? 2. How will the two countries play out differently in managing the aging population? Answers: Introduction Asia is struggling with the issue of aging population. Population ageing is the shift in the distribution of countries population towards older age. This phenomenon is prevalent worldwide, but it is growing faster in less-developed areas. It means that more elderly person will be increasing in lower developed countries. The main reason for this is a sustained baby boom, hasty reduction in fertility and decline in mortality rate. It will have a severe impact on the rate of future economic growth, operation, and integrity of health care and well-being of the aging population. The issue of population aging has decreased considerably in Europe, but it will have a great impact in Asia. The article will identify two countries in Asia and compare and contrast the challenge faced by two countries in managing the ageing population. The study will critically analyze and look into various aspects related to issues of aging population. Demographic changes in two countries of Asia Japan and China are the two countries identified in Asia facing issues of aging population. Japan has the highest proportion of aging citizens. About 22% of the Japnaese population is greater than the age of 60. Over the past several years, Japan's demographic has shifted a lot. The countries population began falling from 2004, and it is ageing faster than any other planet. It is estimated that by 2050 the countries population will decline from 128 million in 2007 to 95 million in 2050. It has occurred due to low fertility rates, high life expectancy and decline of populations since 2011. The driving force for the change is advancement in health care, migration, and change in birth patterns. Japan had a history of low childbearing rate (Hanley Yamamura, 2015). Since the 1950s, the birth rate in Japan has been below population replacement level. The birth rate has dropped almost every year. Analyzing this trend into the long-term projection, it is estimated that about 25% will never marry and about 38% will never have babies. In addition to the decline in birth rate, Japan's population is also living longer. It has life-expectancy, and it is one of the healthiest countries in the world. Life-expectancy is expected to increase from 86 to 90 years for women and 79 to 84 years in men by 2055. Earlier there were six workers for every retiree but now it by 2025 it will be two workers for every retiree. It will have the impact on tax revenue, welfare and medical health of the population (Shirakawa 2012). China is the country with the highest number of population in the world. Two major factors in determining population aging are declining fertility and increasing longevity. China has experienced the fastest decline in fertility reducing from 6 births per women in 1995 to 2 births in the 1990s. By the year 2050, half of the population will be over 45 years of age and quarter of the population will be older than 65 years old. During the 19560s it, life expectancy was 50-60 years which increased to 72 in 2005. The impact of 1970s fertility decline was seen in 2005 histogram (Knox Marston, 2014).The fertility rate was only 1.7 in 2005. In 1950 China had a pyramid shaped structure with base comprising of young people, 4% of the population was above 65. By 2005 the 65+ population increased to 8%, and it is projected to rise to about 16% by 2030. To decrease the population they have adopted several strategies. One important policy is one child policy. China's population is rapidly aging du e to lower mortality rate, low birth rate, and one child policy. It will create a financial problem in the future, and the population will not be competitive in the future. The countries shift toward ageing population will have the huge impact on the economy and investment opportunities of countries. The Chinese government will then have to alter its budgetary policies (Scharping, 2013). Policies in two countries The Japan Government has implemented various policies to check the issue of aging population. One was the angel plan of 19955-1999. It was executed by Ministry of Education, Health, Labour, and Construction. It proposed an improvement in child care centers and maternity medical care system. There was one New Angel Policy' in 2000-2004. It had a higher target than previous policies. Another gender equality policy was implemented in 2005-2009 called the New New Angel Plan.' Its focus was on the independence of youth, giving support to family and employment and support in child rearing. Other alternative policies were provided in the form of economic assistance. The Government gave expenditure for pregnancy, child care, housing, and education (Ezeh et al., 2012). Social Security benefits were provided in the form of pensions, medical care, and financial support. Workplace environment was adjusted by the increase in work flexibility, enforcing vacation time, changing gender equality poli cy in corporate culture and availability of child care services for part-time workers. Japan Government is developing policies to encourage fertility and engage more population particularly women and children in the workforce. They gave incentive for family formation by giving an opportunity for child care, new benefits for children and state sponsor service. There are policies for engaging more women in the workplace to include longer maternity leave and legal protection against pregnancy discrimination (Campbell, 2014). One of the famous policies of China to check population control was one-child policy. It was introduced in 1980 and phased out in 2015. A significant amount of population was subjected to the strict one-child restriction. This system was exempted only for ethnic minorities. Only those couples were allowed to have a second child whose first child was a girl. They imposed fines for violation of the policy. They organized awareness programs and did inspection work to check violation. About 400 million births were prevented by this policy (Feng et al., 2013). The draconian law left an emotional, social and psychological scar on the population of the country and its citizens. The disparity in gender ratio is increased. But after analyzing the growth in an aging population of China, the Communist Party of China changed the policy to two-child policy on 29 October 2015. The new law finally came into force on January 1, 2016, after it was passed by the Standing Committee of The National Peop les Congress on 27 December 2015. This decision of China to lift one-child policy will be helpful in diversifying country aging population issue and increase the male population. The relaxed control system will resolve labor deficit and age population issue to some extent. Low birth rate also occurred due to personal choices. The United Nation has predicted older population by 2100. The population of major countries will be above the age of 65 (Gong et al., 2012). The challenge for International Organization is to reorient policies to control ageing population in countries like Asia. The number of elder person in the less developed country is expected to rise to 690 million by 2030. As the elderly population will be at high risk of disease and disability, it will put immense pressure on the health-care system. Therefore, it will be a challenge for developing countries to reorient health sectors by managing diseases and health care needs of elderly. Therefore, two major steps by International Policymakers are shifting health sector priorities and investing in support for old age. Population aging will be accompanied by an epidemiological shift in infectious diseases. To prevent diseases, WHO has launched Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions. According to that framework, health care system should provide support to reduce the burden of disease. It advises prevention approach that can mitigate the problem and give better lifestyle to citizens.U nited Nations Population Fund (UNPA) also works to create awareness about population ageing and address the challenges for society. It supports data collection to provide foundation for creating policies and integrating ageing issues in national development programs. Its primary focus is on policy creation, data collection, research, and advocacy. It supports development of evidence-based strategies that look after issues related to population ageing (Moulaert Biggs, 2013). Culture Japan has a multi-layered culture which is developing and transforming with time. It has aa history of deep tradition practice, but its society is always changing with increasing population, change in lifestyle and technology developments. Japanese people appear to be socially homogenous people. The country lies on the eastern coast of the Asian continent. It consists of five islands namely Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa. The country is highly urbanized and has high population density. Two major religions are Shinto and Buddhism. Japanese follow Shinto and Buddhist rituals in their life. They have a very tolerant attitude towards religion. Kimono is the famous traditional dress worn by Japanese people. Its staple food includes rice, baked fish, vegetables, etc. They use a large amount of alcohol in their diet. It is a tolerant country for drunken people. They have their form of entertainment (Fujita et al., 2013). China is a country known for the high population in the world. It is a multi-racial country with 55 ethnic groups. The Chinese culture is influenced by its long history and diverse ethnic groups. These groups have different customs and tradition which varies from town to cities. Different religion is practiced here, but it is mainly dominated by a Confucian value system. Different religions are Buddhism, Islam, Taoism, Christianity and other religions. Confucianism is nothing but quasi-religion. This value is present in China since its foundation by Confucius 2000 years ago. Confucianism values lay stress on self-restraint, maintaining the proper relationship with other and social harmony. It respects hierarchy and emphasizes loyalty in family relations and friend. It encourages human to be the perfect gentleman. These values are embedded in Chinese culture and behavior. Some people give great importance to developing the personal relationship in business. Dining and drinking are the best ways for Chinese to build relationship and business connections (Atchley et al., 2014). The diversity of the population is a challenge for health care system, its providers and policy makers. They have a challenge in delivering culturally competent services. This objective is achieved when health care services meet the social, cultural and linguistic needs of patients. The culture of different countries and its citizens have an impact on health service outcomes. A culturally competent health care system leads to the elimination of racial and ethnic disparities. It can be achieved by giving medical staff training on cultural competence and how to address cross-cultural issues in patients. The policies created for this purpose further reduces cultural and linguistic barriers in treating patients. The racial and ethnic group has a higher rate of morbidity and mortality due to illness. Therefore, health services should give more priority to improving conditions of the ethnic population (Barrera et al., 2013). Therefore from the overall report on the issue of aging population, it is recommended that culturally sensitive policies should be implemented that reduces the impact of ageing population. The primary purpose of health care system should be the improvement in safety, effectiveness, efficiency, equity and patient-centered care. Equity in health delivery will ensure that each and every individual receive quality care. The quality of care should not discriminate by race, ethnicity and personal characteristics of the patient. Quality care will be delivered by ensuring the safety of patients and taking care to avoid injuries. Timeliness should be maintained by minimizing delay in the treatment procedure. Patient-centered care should be provided that looks after individual patient needs and preference for treatment. Health care organizations can arrange for programs that create understanding of cultural competence in health care staff. A cultural competence assessment should be prepared, a nd changes should be implemented based on that assessment (Purnell, 2014). Conclusion From the detailed report above, it can be summarized that it was valuable information on the issue of population ageing worldwide and in countries in Asia. It mainly addresses the problem of population ageing in Japan and China. It described the challenges faced by the world in an increase of aging population. Based on the two countries, it gave the report on demographic changes since the last fifty years and what steps Government has taken to curb population ageing. It discusses the policies made by the country for addressing the issue of an aging population. It explained how the culture of different countries could affect health care service and cope with an ageing population. It gave recommendations on how health care services can develop culturally competent strategies in health care and mitigate the problem face in the good outcome of health care. Reference Atchley, P., Shi, J., Yamamoto, T. (2014). Cultural foundations of safety culture: A comparison of traffic safety culture in China, Japan and the United States.Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour,26, 317-325. Barrera Jr, M., Castro, F. G., Strycker, L. A., Toobert, D. J. (2013). Cultural adaptations of behavioral health interventions: A progress report.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,81(2), 196. Campbell, J. C. (2014).How policies change: The Japanese government and the aging society. Princeton University Press. Ezeh, A. C., Bongaarts, J., Mberu, B. (2012). Global population trends and policy options.The Lancet,380(9837), 142-148. Feng, W., Cai, Y., Gu, B. (2013). Population, Policy, and Politics: How Will History Judge China's Oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Child Policy?.PoPulation and develoPment review,38(s1), 115-129. Fujita, S., Seto, K., Ito, S., Wu, Y., Huang, C. C., Hasegawa, T. (2013). The characteristics of patient safety culture in Japan, Taiwan and the United States.BMC health services research,13(1), 1. Gong, P., Liang, S., Carlton, E. J., Jiang, Q., Wu, J., Wang, L., Remais, J. V. (2012). Urbanisation and health in China.The Lancet,379(9818), 843-852. Hanley, S. B., Yamamura, K. (2015).Economic and demographic change in preindustrial Japan, 1600-1868. Princeton University Press. Knox, P. L., Marston, S. A. (2014).Human geography: Places and regions in global context. Pearson. Moulaert, T., Biggs, S. (2013). International and European policy on work and retirement: Reinventing critical perspectives on active ageing and mature subjectivity.Human Relations,66(1), 23-43. Purnell, L. D. (2014).Guide to culturally competent health care. FA Davis. Scharping, T. (2013).Birth Control in China 1949-2000: Population policy and demographic development. Routledge. Shirakawa, M. (2012). Demographic changes and macroeconomic performance: Japanese experiences.Opening Remark at.

Humanity has been enduring an ongoing battle for Essay Example For Students

Humanity has been enduring an ongoing battle for Essay centuries: the strained relations among the races. Despite efforts to put the past behind, signs remain at nearly every juncture that there still exists a strong sense of racial dissension. While many Caucasians do not see the problem being as severe as it is represented, African-Americans angrily reply that the lighter skinned race has not had to endure such prejudice and, therefore, cannot begin to identify with the situation. Frank Newport, vice president of the Gallup Poll Organization, says Caucasian Americans do not interpret racism as a big problem, therefore, they do not see a need for government intervention (Anonymous, 1997; 04A). Similarly, Asians, Hispanics and other United States minorities believe they often receive unfair treatment because of their race. However, President Clinton and several organizations including the National Multicultural Institute, whose main focus is to sort out the jumble of expectations and fears that swirl around the initiatives struggle to reconcile ethnicity and difference with the notion of one American nation (Green, 1998; PG) are pushing hard to mend racial tension with a comprehensive program that is designed to bring all races together. Will it work? Or will minorities look upon the effort as nothing more than a Band-Aid covering a much larger issue? To some extent, concepts such as affirmative action have their place in society, yet they will do nothing to alter an individuals perception of one race or another. I. ADOLESCENT ASPECT In the past, childrens racial viewpoints have routinely been shaped by their parents perceptions. This is precisely how racial prejudice is passed down from generation to generation. However, todays teens appear to be breaking free of the antiquated procession by voicing their own opinions about race relations. While racial hate crimes continue to run rampant, the newer generation tends to believe there is less interracial tension than do their parents (Farley, 1997). What has instigated this considerably lax attitude among the younger generation is not quite clear; yet a TIME/CNN poll has discovered that the adolescent population is far more forgiving of racial prejudices than their adult counterparts. Of twelve hundred, eighty-two adults and six hundred one teenagers aged twelve to seventeen, the younger sect demonstrated a considerable amount of racial tolerance toward one another when compared with the older respondents (Farley, 1997). If given the opportunity, children and young adults will not adopt negative views of other races if they are not placed in such an environment that encourages such thought. However, with the deep-seated hatred that has been bred into so many generations, it has become difficult for some of those prejudice intentions not to trickle down the family line. Yet the TIME/CNN poll was instrumental in establishing that a good number of adolescence of all races have successfully moved beyond their parents views of race (Farley, 1997; 88+). To the kids with such an open mind, race is no more important to them in either a social or personal level; yet it is not to be overlooked that these same respondents were still able to recognize the fact that racism was one of Americas biggest problems today. Even so, over one-third said the problem though it exists is insignificant (Farley, 1997; 88+). As it relates to their own lives, eighty-nine percent of the African-American adolescents who responded said the problem was small or did not exist at all. Amazingly, the Caucasian respondents both young and old considered racism a more dominant issue (Farley, 1997; 88+) than did the African-American adolescent respondents. What does that say about the varying impressions of race relations? Depending upon which race is viewing the issue, it appears the seriousness of the problem could be considerably damaging or an insignificant obstacle. Still, optimism is high that the younger generation deems race relations as being in good standing. .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .postImageUrl , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:hover , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:visited , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:active { border:0!important; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:active , .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001 .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7945a0490950b27641812c7817f1f001:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drama, Drama, Drama Essay This may be a sign of hope (Farley, 1997; 88+) or nothing more than youthful naivete (88+); regardless, it demonstrates a long awaited shift in the social climate relating to race relations and its consequences. Sociologist Joe R. Feagin says the answer may lie with both options. His interpretation of the lack of adolescent racism is that reality has not fully set in for those who have not yet experienced the real world. You have to be out looking for jobs and housing to know how much discrimination is out there (Farley, 1997; 88+). Feagin contends that those who have a better grasp of racial reality are those who are over the age of nineteen. Reasoning behind this is that comparatively few African-American teenage respondents said they had been victimized by discrimination; contrarily, half of the African-American adults admitted they had (Farley, 1997). Experts are .