To evaluate the feasibility of a Thai restaurant in Brighton that Essay

To try the feasibility of a Thai eating place in Brighton that promotes healthier eating - Essay ExampleThe Phenomenological approach studies the life experiences of an individual and derives meaning from them. The realness approach believes that the truth exists independent of human existence, and can be experienced through our experiences and sensations. On the other hand, the Positivism ideology states that the facts that can be scientifically and objectively verified are the only adept we should be able to trust. Given that this study wishes to evaluate the desires and opinions of a oversized separate of people, it was believed the Positivist look would serve best in this case. The character of objective data gathered using an empirical scene makes the process more verifiable and thus, valid. It also controls for biases that we may have that could lead us astray in making our decisions. There are a number of approaches to research, and each brings a number of techniqu es to the table. The decision to use an objective method instead of a subjective one (quantative data instead of qualitative) may be based on the fact that the questions asked by this study pertained to the general opinion of a large group and non the detailed opinions of a few individuals. Numerical data is more representative of a large population that qualitative data. This is a Deductive study, i.e. one that verifies the facts in a given condition. This is in tell to the other option of conducting an inductive study, which would be useful when developing theoretical concepts based on scientifically proven facts. Research strategy It is proposed that potential clientele be extensively purviewed in order to evaluate the need and demand for a restaurant serving healthy Thai food in Briton. The derriere population is individuals in the age group of 15-54 years who are primary decision makers when choosing an eating stunned destination. It was decided that this population be su rveyed for their opinions. The process of a Survey was used in order to pull off up the specific opinions of a large number of people and analyse the trends thereof (Stangor, 2010). According to the NHS (2009), this consists of rough153,000 people. Thus, a minimum sample size of a 100 respondents was chosen in a stamp to gain some extent of representativeness. Systematically chosen respondents were chosen and encouraged to fill out the survey form (Kerlinger, 1986). They were given a description of the reasons for conducting the study, and were assured of the value of their inputs. Those respondents who were reluctant were not pressed, and the researcher passed on to interview the next chosen respondent. Data thus collected was analysed statistically to verify that any trends seen were not due to chance in order to draw conclusions (McBurney, 1996).

Create an argument that explains your point of view Essay

Create an argument that explains your point of view - demonstrate ExampleRolling Stone tries to evaluate his past life and finding reasons why he occupied in the bombing. What factors in his life motivated his actions. It however, is debatable on the question as to whether they are present him a celebrity status considering how they went about it. Putting him on the cover of Rolling Stone cartridge holder which is on normal cases braced by celebrities and rap stars, is in a way giving him a celebrity status. The average American citizen or even anywhere else in the world takes what he or she is fed by the media seriously. In a large sense the sets the agenda for the public. They determine, to a big extent, which models entrust be talked about by the public, which music the public will be excited about and in this case, arguably, who will be the next celebrity. By putting him on the cover, they did just that. It is however risky to lay down him a celebrity status considering he w ill develop a following which will eject out to be counterproductive. This should not be mistaken as an outright rejection for the story, it is important that people withal understand the other life of suspects like Tsarnaev. However, this should be done very carefully so it doesnt seem as though the acts they are suspected of are being glorified. Images, for instance the one utilise on the cover of Rolling Stone seems glorifying. ... The question that people will probably be enquire is how this magazine influences on other would be bombers. The article might actually encourage more of anxiety desperate individuals to engage in such acts. Al-Qaida, a self-confessed terror group indicated in their cheep handle that they were happy of all the media attendance they were receiving due to the west gate attack in Kenya. This intend that the terrorists value attention, and they do most of what they do to get attention. Now giving them this attention by account the acts of bombing, most people think should be enough. Going ahead and featuring them on a celebrity magazine, on the cover of it, is not the best way to deny them the attention. Tsarnaev is now becoming an iconic figure for his followers. presumptuous they were more who engaged in one way or another in the bombing, the featuring of Tsarnaev makes them feel as though they can as well do with the attention. The magazine is turning him into some sort of a hero for he has done. Celebrities are known to be individuals highlighted by the media mostly because of the interest they arouse among the public. Tsarnaev, should not arouse interest and the media should not attempt to paint him as arousing interest. As human beings we all begin an evil part. It is said, that all human beings have a potential of being an angel or a beast, how we turn out all depends on which is natured by the society. For balance and stability, our evil parts should be shunned and our trade good parts honed. The media has a huge r esponsibility in shaping these. In the social media, due to the anonymity provided by such platforms, people often praise bad and glorify evil. This could be to get attention or to feel up for social gaps at home or in

Case Study of a Philosophical Argument of Francis Bacon Assignment

Case Study of a Philosophical Argument of Francis Bacon - assignment ExampleThe essential framework of Bacons theory croup be summed up by saying that he insisted that a good scientist should not be an ant and mindlessly gather data but nor should he be a spider and spin empty theories. Any good scientist will lie somewhere between the two, and gather data and formulate theories and scientific truths from these observations of nature. This thought of Bacons has been credited with perhaps setting the thumping rolling on the huge amount of scientific advances made in the 17th century, simply because the older methods did not rely on observation and thought. Bacon believed, as scientists do today, that scientific discipline is something that should follow certain outlines and procedures. experiment is key because it leads people to the truth, rather than something that simply propels their own personal ideas and desires. Truth is ultimately what we aim for in science today, and it seems odd that this would be a novel idea in the 17th century, but Bacons ism was one of the first to suggest objective empiricism as a method in scienceHowever, although this might sound obvious to the modern reader, there are some philosophical arguments that have been apply for and against the ideas of Bacon. For example, the scientific method relies on observations, but there is also the point that the senses themselves are unreliable and can lead to bias, whether we free our minds from idols or not. It is difficult to know whether our observations on nature and science are consecutive because of how they work. optical illusions are a good example of an argument against scientific inquiry in this way. However, it has to be suggested that there are no other ways of observing any scientific inquiry apart(predicate) from to use the senses, because they are all we have. All tests rely on measurements, images or results that have to be viewed to be noted down and to form theories from them. There is very little else a scientist can do when it

Supreme Court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Supreme Court - Essay ExampleThe problem, however, appears to lie in whether the children are given over the appropriate moral guidance by their parental figures. Perhaps Vermont is too content in their viewpoints that children will naturally evolve into moral adults, thus there is no emphasis given in this aspect of guiding juvenile behaviors. This may have to do with the social class of the Vermont citizens, who are mostly middle- to upper-class who may just instinctively believe that these violent crimes simply could not be committed by their well-to-do sons and daughters. Powers describes the ease of acquiring heroin in the suppose, which may also set in to the violent crime ratios and is associated with social class status, as these well-to-do y forthhs can easily afford the medicate prices. The team appears to have mixed thoughts about whether the juvenile should be given the devastation sentence, highlighting the substantive division in the country about what to do wit h juvenile violent crime offenders.It appears that Powers believes that many of the failures of todays children in these affluent neighborhoods stems from parental complacency and an inability to address that violence and teenage angst occurs routinely regardless of their state of origin. Powers, it appears, believes that most of the fault lies with those who are in charge for their failures in molding positive childhood behaviors. In reference, specifically, to the New Hampshire murders, it seems that Powers is linking their murderous intentions with failure of parents to recognize the difficulties (and respond to them correctly) facing children of these teenage years. It does not appear that Powers considers the death penalty as the proper course of action, rather counseling and parental involvement is the best method.Powers points out that small towns, like any other city, maintains their fair share of juvenile-related crime, suggesting

Society's Perception of Black Women Research Proposal

Societys Perception of dismal Women - Research Proposal ExampleMany factors influence the way the society perceive the raw women. Media, for instance, practise images that portray black women as sex objects whose value based on their body appearance. These media portrayals are study contributors on the future of the black woman, the potential limitation of materialization adolescent opportunity to change the invalidating intelligence of appearance and sex as portrayed in the media. Most of the African American young girls are victims of comprehension created by such images. This research is currently relevant as Black women in the United States strive to land up the negative attitudes in the society. This study seeks to assess the societys perception of black women.Many factors influence the way the society perceive the black women. Media, for instance, use images that portray black women as sex objects whose value based on their body appearance. These media portrayals are major contributors on the future of the black woman, the potential limitation of young adolescent opportunity to change the negative perception of appearance and sexuality as portrayed in the media. Most of the African American young girls are victims of perception created by such images. This research is currently relevant as Black women in the United States strive to end the negative attitudes in the society. The study will aim at determining societys perception of black women. It will focus on the factors that contribute to the societys perception of black women in the modern community setting in the United States.

End of geography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

End of geography - Assignment ExampleThe disappearance of national barriers that destine the world and the increasing interconnectedness open a wide range of opportunities for the information exchange. In each these processes the language plays one of the most important roles. In this story, we consider borrowings from English language in the Nipponese and also we critically evaluate its impact on society of Japan. In the mosern world the international language is English and in many countries it is considered to be (officially or not) the second language. This phenomenon makes it possible to say that the nations unite in a single society, s point in timeing the same language. Does this mean that we are witnessing the end of geography?The aim of this paper is to critically evaluate the proposition that globalization is leading to the end of geography using the example of Japanese language and the English borrowings in it. During the work over this paper we analyze and evaluate that the phenomenon of the end of geography is not so vivid and the boundaries between countries are slightly blurred but not wholly washed away, so geography remains vital to its study.Ulrich Beck, the research worker who studies globalization, argues that Globalization affects mainly the brotherly micro-level, structured on the genesis of certain forms of cultural, socio-cultural systems and the genesis of ethnic and cultural systems. (Beck, 1999) The most successful impersonate developed in relation to globalization, belongs to Japan. Throughout most of its history, Japan has shaped their culture on the rump of borrowing religious doctrines of Buddhism, Confucian ethical and religious system, arts and crafts from China, however, since the Meiji Restoration, the country has become, so to say, westernized very rapidly. The peak of this Westernization of Japan accounts for the years of American military

BOOK REPORT- HUMAN SEXUALITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BOOK REPORT- HUMAN SEXUALITY - Essay exemplare problem is that these women often do not seek professional facilitate, preferring to put up with their problems, plot unresolved sexual issues can have serious consequences in a variety of health problems.Streicher is a qualified sexologist and gynecologist. Having a long experience in these areas, she is able to help all women better apprehend their body and thus recognize the signs of various sexual problems. That is what makes this book especially interesting for me and that is why I have decided to choose this book. Reading this book allows all women to have knowledge that can help solve numerous health issues and therefore significantly improve the quality of their sex life. In addition, the honour of this book is that the author gives clear and evidence-based explanations for the various physical states and manifestations of various diseases. Every woman has the right to amaze pleasure in her sex life, and this book can be of great help in this hear by providing with practical and valuable

Gender differences in the African American community Research Paper

sex activity differences in the African American community - Research Paper ExampleHowever despite all the efforts and achievement by the women, they still position some challenges when it comes to employment. Even though some parts of the world and community be still fighting gender compargon, the African American communities have made some great achievements. It is square that the community has made some great achievements. However, the government should be involved in addressing the challenge the Africa-American women face when it comes to employment.Gender in comparison is one of the issues affecting the whole world of today (Benera, 2003). Although the determination of the world in solving the problem of gender equality. For complete eradication of gender equality, much is yet to be done. Gender equality is a lack of the provision of equal opportunity for both the feminine and the masculine. Gender equality is where both the groups are not given equal opportunity in terms o f education and work. The in the first place affected group on the issue of gender equality is the female sex (Collins, 2004). Female are the group that started to face unequal opportunity just from the time they were young. The boy child is given privileges to conglomerate opportunities as the girl child never got the same opportunities. Gender equality was mainly due to communities believed on the responsibility of women in the society. Women were mainly perceived to be responsible for taking care of the family and the children. Their responsibilities were mainly to hand the children, clean the house, and cook the food for the family, and the most important one is to be submissive to their husbands (Cook, n.d.). However, gender equality has drastically changed over the years. The number of women going to school has an increase in a point that it is close to equal to that of the boys attending school and in some region in the world the number has outdone the male. The major(ip) problem that the women of today face is majorly at the workplace.Considering the families of the

Only Hope comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Only Hope comparison - canvass ExampleOn the other hand, Condon authored a book describing his findings from an extensive study that sought to describe how the spring chicken of the Inuit people of the Holman island of Canada Arctic coped with the rigorous changes of adolescence amidst many social, economic, and demographic transformations. Both of these books offer an anthropological description of the Inuit youth and Chinese singletons. This paper will offer a comparison of the research points addressed, methodologies, roles of the research , the content depict in the two books and the conclusions drawn. Fongs as highlighted in the book only hope research question centered on determining what type of attributes were exhibited by singletons. The research was probed by the fact that parents of singletons bestowed a cluster of hope in these pincerren. Moreover, the possibility that the parents accorded these children all their attention and offered them multiple material thing s would have had the potential of bollix such children. On the other hand, Condon realized that the adolescence stage presented rigorous psychological, emotional, hormonal, and physical changes that define the transition from childishness to adulthood (Fong, 2006). This prompted him to break how the adolescents of the Inuit youth in the Holman Island in the Canadian Arctic region coped with the social, economic, and demographic factors. He reasoned that judgement how all these changes shaped the maturation process of the adolescents could offer an advanced understanding of mathematical operation processes of humans. Fong carried a study in the Dalian region, a coastal city that was undergoing transformation from an industrial center to service-oriented town. For 27 months, in the years 1997-2002, Fong worked closely with different schools, students, and parents. Her survey was extensive and included 2273 students in different ranks of schools. She had the prerogative of visiti ng about 107 homes in the region (Fong, 2006). She identified 31 families as her sample after having an extensive interaction through tutorial classes offered within the home setting. The role of her research was to determine whether the one child policy had any impact on the children born. On the other hand, Condon carried out two extensive report studies of the Inuit youth on the Holman Island. Although his first study sought to address a different objective, it offered an introductory understanding of the community (Condon, 1988). He compiled his findings after seven years of an interactive field study. The role of his research was to analyze how the youth coped with the numerous changes that defined their lives. Condon selected sub-section of the Holman Island as his sample population. Fongs research revealed that singletons faced a inflate pressure to become exemplary children as her findings highlight. The different chapters in her book reveal that parents expected singleton s to give a higher sense of focus in school compared to children who had siblings. This translated into different forms of pressure exerted on the children by the parents so that they would meet the defined expectations (Fong, 2006). It becomes evident from the findings described that parents had viewed singletons in terms of the future. The research

Huckleberry Finn vs. Juggar Singh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Huckleberry Finn vs. Juggar Singh - Essay eccentricN integrity of them depict a political figure but rather they are just mundane people with extraordinary skills. Both share some similarities, differences and impact in the overall plot of the romance in a distinctly, unique fashion. The theme around which The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn revolves is civil war between advanced England and the Old. It is set in Illinois during the pre-war times. Huck is a thirteen year old boy coming from a poor anchorground and Widow Douglas and Miss Watson decide to civilize him. He is not only trustful but also susceptible, insightful, diligent, empathetic, evenhanded, rational, audacious, smart and blase all at once. The fact that he is superstitious is revealed in the genuinely first chapter when he accidentally kills a spider and suddenly fears that this act will set ashore bad luck in his life (Twain 1977). Secondly, when he makes the mistake of spilling the salt at Widows place, he wa nts to throw it over his shoulder to ward off bad omen but he is stopped by the Widow herself. Later when he meets Jim, both share a series of superstition based on their experience and what they had heard. Huck is also gullible since he is so young. When he tries to run away the ladies attempt to civilize him, he meets Tom who offers him to become a part of his gang of robbers provided he goes back home. This also makes him adventurous since he is easily convinced that the gang of robbers will be an exciting familiarity to be with. Despite of the lack of education, Huck is also shrewd and extremely rational (Twain 1977). This allows him to keep gait with Toms adventures. The intelligence of Huck is evident through his schemes of getting rid of his abusive stick who had literally kept him locked in his place like a kidnapper. His master plan to escape is very grand and involves his own death. He makes the scene look like a murder and in his fathers absence, scores the canoe he f inds floating in the river with supplies. He does not stop here. He kills a fantastical hog and plucks his own hair so that it looks like a crime scene where he was killed and dragged into the river. His alert nature enables him to recognize the worth of any object he comes across such as a piece of driftwood in the river, and plans to sell and make funds from it (Twain 1977). During his travel with Jim he continues to collect such items, hoping that one day he will possess a lot of money. Juggat Singh of Train to Pakistan is considered to be a local anesthetic thief of the village Mano Majra located at the border of India and Pakistan in the novel. The story unfolds as the narrator recalls an contingency that took place in the village which changes Juggats lifee forever. He is arrested by the police for murdering the villages money lender Ram Lal. Ram Lal was actually murdered by Malli, a neighboring villages dacoit. Juggat is in love with a Muslim girl named Nooran. Juggats br avery is revealed to the people of village when he attempts to save the lives of many people including Noorans. The village, which was once a peaceful place, becomes a place of rebellion and hatred. Amidst the jumbled situation of the village which is faced with bloodshed after the arrival of the train full of mutilated cold bodies at the village, which is a combination of Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims, Juggat decides to prove his worth as a peace maker and not a

International Business - Franchising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

worldwide Business - Franchising - Essay ExampleArnold (2003) claims franchising is an under-explored entry mode in international merchandises but that it has been widely used in North America and Western Europe, most notably by fast food chains, hotel or car rental services. The business format is fixed, including the operation and guidelines so that its ability to adapt is limited. The same is expressed by Toncar (2005), where franchising, he utter, is dependent upon the ability to provide a market mix that matches expectations of consumers in different cultures.But major players argon said to be more and more learning. McDonalds, for example, as described in MFFI (2003) is thinking globally and acting locally, a fortunate global marketing strategy. This sensitivity for the locals is expressed in so many ways to include their not using beef cattle in India in their food preparations, their not using lard also in food preparations in Muslim areas, their launching of China burg er in Asia in recognition of China as market for them, their psychiatric hospital of chicken sandwich the Arab way.Further, management experts credit McDonalds for its maintaining the same efficiency in time to deliver, work-processes, cleanliness, changes in their menus, and ad-campaigns which are region-specific. Their use of franchising helps them set up business all over the world. One thing that could be ascribe to McDonaldss success is their location, location, location strategy which their executives know too well (ibid.). Consider this - A friend of mine was in a seminar recently where one of the McDonalds executives was speaking. He asked the audience what kind of business they were in. Half the push laughed and said, Restaurant business. Wrong, he said. Were in the REAL ESTATE business. If you thing about it, hes right. look about the location that every McDonalds is at. Isnt it in a prime real estate location And McDonalds owns the dirt that just about every stand-al one McDonalds located at. Thats a TON of equity that the company has construct up over the years in each real estate location. They could sell any chaw and make a killing off it compared to how much they paid for it a number of years ago. I would say the secret to McDonalds success is very similar to real estate - location, location, location. (MFFI 2003)In targeting for international growth, the counterbalance step according to Siebert (1998) is identifying the best counties for ones busy concept with such factors as franchise climate, the market for ones particular product or service, competitive factors, proximity, language barrier, political climate, and relevant legal concerns. Once a market is identified, he says one effective means of targeting prospects is the use of trade missions. Sponsored by groups such as the International Franchise Association, trade missions attempt to provide franchisors with introductions to a number of qualified candidates in each country. Acco rdingly, the franchisor is said to typically be responsible for their own expenses (which can run upwards of $10,000 currently), their own follow-up, and their own negotiations. The sponsoring judicature is only responsible for the introduction. Another alternative Siebert (ibid.) suggests for franchisors interested in global expansion is the use of brokers. Brokers are said to work by promoting ones franchise within a particular market, and will often engagement a

Developing a Medical and Fitness Standard Essay

Developing a medical exam and Fitness Standard - Essay ExampleAs the paper stresses the medical and fitness standards within each department is essential. Its necessity is to monitor and promote safety when working. The job for the firefighters is a physical one and on that point is need to keep the employs fit. Ways of keeping the employees fit is through physical exercises. Just imagine how it would be if an supporter went to a running competition without trainings and exercises? It would be a mess because the athlete will not be physically fit and will tire quickly and may not finish the race. If the athlete wants to win a race, then rigorous exercises must be incorporated.According to the report findings when responding to a fire, sometimes the fire fighters may be involved in a physical injury. Therefore, after every firefighting response, they should be cross-examined by a medical practitioner to ensure that they are well. Where they have been hurt, medication should begin i mmediately. The lawful check will even motivate the employees to perform well when working because they have peace of heading and their health is being taken care of by the management. When developing the medical and fitness standards, there should be injury programs to check on the overall health of the employees and their wellbeing. Eating habits and diet should be monitored. Health give the sack be determined by the types of foods the officers take. Also, it predicts the physical fitness of an individual. The officers should be flexible and it should be youthful.

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

gentle Resources - Essay ExampleAn HRD professional assumes the duty of the staff trainer or instructional designer. HRD professionals maintain the disposals reward system to guarantee fair and equitable pay rates. Administer and design the companys reimbursement program, as well as pensions and health insurance. They report any gaps between outputs and expectations and assess workers performance. They conduct training programs, which advance employees skills and enhance their abilities to share as a group. Finally, HRD professionals evaluate training schemes and propose future options for frequent learning. They go to an extremely crucial role in the development of an organization.Their philosophy is that they need to possess numerous skills, as well as competencies, which will assist them to bring advantage in the organization they work in. They take up their roles to be more crucial than the actual owners of the organization who, therefore, assume the role of a leader. What I learnt rough the HRD field, while conducting this interview, was that the field in extremely critical in determining the success of an organization. This is because people who function in this field are the ones responsible for creating the powerful workforce that will bring success to the company.As a child, my father crafted me in to being a leader. I was amazed of how he handled matters as the decimal point of the family with ease. Therefore, I grew up also hoping to play a critical role in bring success to this world. Through jobs, people are able to be palmy hence, no other field would pay back suit me better than the HR field. This is a place where a person could shape others to becoming successful people in this world.My strengths as a HR professional are that I work diligently. It is ceaselessly in me to see a task completed successfully, and after that I find myself coming up with a new task. I also opt to listen to other peoples opinions

The Properties, Functions and Properties of Smooth Muscles Assignment - 1

The Properties, Functions and Properties of insipid Muscles - Assignment ExampleThey play an important role, specially in the arterioles, by constricting or dilating the blood vessel thereby controlling the flow of blood. Smooth muscles are likewise crucial in bigger blood vessels, such as aorta, and enable them to dissent high pressure generated during systole or ventricular contraction. (Clark, 2005, p. 139) These are the muscles under voluntary control. Skeletal muscle is similarly sometimes referred to as striated muscle but this term should be avoided as cardiac muscle is also a striated muscle and leads to ambiguity. A cell of skeletal muscle is very long, up to 30cm in length, and has a cylindrical shape. The cross section size of these cells is about 10-100 micrometer. It is not surprising that cell of this length has septuple nuclei for support and survival. But these nuclei are not located at the center and rather aligned at the periphery. This is because the contrac tile components in the cell cytoplasm push these nuclei towards the call border. Skeleton muscles form bulk of a human body and perform various functions. They are essential for locomotion and to perform any action of the body. Although, skeletal muscles are mostly under voluntary control they also take part in a reflex arc that does not involve the higher centers and, therefore, is an involuntary process. The contractions produced by skeletal muscles are forceful and quick as compared to the smooth muscle. (Clark, 2005, p. 139) Cardiac muscle is a specialized tissue absolutely adapted to perform its function. It is the only muscle that is found in the heart. A very special airplane propeller of a cardiac muscle is that is can contract on its own which mean it does not bring an external stimulation.

The Economic Impacts of Major Sporting Events Essay

The Economic Impacts of Major uncontaminating Events - Essay ExampleThere are disagreements as well about the relevant economic factors that should be included in the measurements. This paper presents trio extensively criticised, but widely used, models of economic impact analysis, namely, (1) social value, (2) economic multipliers, and (3) input-output paradigm. In order to relieve the arguments more clearly the discussion includes research findings or case studies on previous sporting resultants, much(prenominal) as the World Cup and Olympics. Introduction Several economists observe sizeable economic gains from events occurring from the incentives they confer to businesses. domain funding of sporting events, though they are unstable, is usually rationalised by the argument that the events generate economic gains for the areas, where in they are held, but that these gains are not completely supported by the economic feasibility of the event itself (Hall 1994). The financial e valuation of the effect of sporting events on the economy is at the root of contentious disagreements among economists. consort to Dwyer and colleagues (2005), arguments put emphasis at the same time on what should be assessed or calculated, and on the trump out technique for analysing the economic impacts of large-scale sporting events on the community that hosted it. It appears that there is frequently uncertainty between the economic productivity and economic effect of major sporting events. ... The Nature and Economy of Sporting Events Sporting event as a sector of the economy is huge. In the United States, sport was one of its biggest industries in 1995. Moreover, in 1996, the sport sector was measured to be around $100 billion annually, and forecasted to be price $139 billion by 2000. In 1997, soccer was measured to be $10 billion in europium (Forster & Pope 2004, 1). This appears likely to be a stark miscalculation when very few associations separately endure roughly $100 million yearly. In 1995, the British Sports Council calculated that it comprises 2.5% of global trade. This number comprises intangibles like royalties and revenues and sensual commodities like facilities. There are additional statistics, all inherently incongruent (Forster & Pope 2004, 1). Sporting events kick in roughly 1% of local value-added and around 1 ?% of employment in the UK. The US Tennis blossom forth in 2000 produced $699 million to the economy of New York (Forster & Pope 2004, 2). However, the dilemma is that these statistics merely provide peeks of different components of sport. concord to Statistics Canada (Forster & Pope 2004, 2) ... the amount of sport data currently available is insufficient to provide a umbrella profile of the nature, benefits and value of sport... the data that are available are difficult to compare due to abstract and definitional differences. Sporting events are a branch of what is termed the weightless economy. For several grounds that are in conflict material physical production has dropped substantially as GDP percentage across the dry landthus the concept of weightless economy (Shin 2010, 105). Alan Greenspan focused on the IT sector but a wide-eyed transition from

Conscious Awareness and Brain Processes Essay Example for Free

Conscious Awargonness and Brain Processes EssayA number of scholarly studies on homosexual understanding identify a close relationship between gentleman certainness and the soul processes of a human being. This study is an examination of the literature existing on these two aras with an aim of establishing whether at that place exists a relationship. To achieve this, the study depart mensurate advisedness and its functions in a human being, evaluate brain processes and their functions and from the two analyses, make efforts at establishing either a similarity or a an nonation exist between them. An evaluation of certainnessQuestions about soul have been with humans for a farseeing time. check to Pearson (1999), traces of the questioning on the nature of human consciousness were on that point as early as during the Neolithic period, when burial practices expressed some spiritual belief which had some connotations on some reflections or thought on the nature and existence of human consciousness. The earliest kneads of cultures and intimation into human consciousness are and then only available through historical connotations on the then existing peoples reflection on some aspects of human consciousness.There are those scholars who argue that consciousness, as it is known like a shot is a phenomena that arose much later in the development of humans, as late as after the Homeric era as postulated by Jaynes (1974). In this view of the development of consciousness knowledge, earlier humans acted without submitfully correlating their actions and thoughts. As such, they were unconscious of their actions and acted primarily on a response to physical threats as opposed to cognizance of need.Earlier scholars who attempted to limit consciousness included Rene Descartes in the 17th century and John Locke, in the period of late 17th century (Stanford Encyclopedia, 2006). Their efforts to define consciousness have formed a ass upon which modern human consciousness is constructed from. In Descartes, Principles of Philosophy, written in 1640, he specify human consciousness as self- mindfulness. Locke, in 1988 correlated consciousness to both thought and personal identity (Stanford Encyclopedia, 2006). new-made attempts to define consciousness have been attempted by scholars (Gennaro, 1995 and Carruthers, 2000) who postulate that the word consciousness is a roomy umbrella term covering a broad range of metal phenomena. In its wide range, consciousness abide parent to a land of an organism in its wholeness, also referred to as zoology consciousness or to a certain mental process or state also referred to as state consciousness. Since consciousness is a broad term, this section will highlight the meaning of consciousness in diametric contexts.A person, or a cognitive frame, whitethorn flush toilet be said to be conscious in a number of ways the first sense experience is what Armstrong (1981) referred to as sentience. A sentient creature is one that is able to sense its environment and resolve to it. In this sense, the ability to sense and respond to an environmental stimulus is equivalent to being conscious. The challenge in this definition lies in making a attribute between the reactivity portrayed by living and animate creatures such as animals and humans and the reactivity inherent in inanimate objects such as riseers and trees.This is because a flower responds to physical environmental as evident in withering during the dry season. The other sense of defining consciousness is wakefulness (Cole, 2002). In this sense, an organism is considered conscious not only by possessing inherent ability to respond to the environment entirely by being in a state or a disposition to actually respond to it. Consciousness in this sense refers to being traffic patternly alert or awake. In this definition, an organism would be considered unconscious if it were in a deep state of comma or sleep.In this definition too, there also lies some blurred explanation since by defining consciousness as so, one may need to define it further in terms of levels of consciousness. For instance, it is possible for a creature to be half-asleep, implying that it requires a slight arousal for it to be conscious, as in the definition. Another form of consciousness, place by Carruthers (2000) is self-consciousness. This is a high level order of consciousness in which the creature is not only aware alone also having the correct understanding of the state of its awareness.Among humans, self-consciousness may denote ones ability to differentiate himself from others, in aspects such as language, hierarchy, status etc. One who is unable to make such a distinction would invariably be referred to as self-unconscious. In philosophy, self consciousness is equivalent to self-knowledge, which is used to commonly refer ones knowledge of particular mental states including beliefs, sensations and desires (Stanfor d, 2003). A challenge that lies in this definition is that it disregards conscious forms of life, which may still be undergoing growth and development.For instance, a young child may be incognizant of his status or privileges and as such, when consciousness is defined in this manner, it may assume that such is not conscious. Features of consciousness As mentioned earlier, consciousness is an umbrella term enveloping a broad range of issues. To neck consciousness, it becomes imperative to assess the stimulates that combine to bring out the conscious phenomena. By analyzing these features and later analyzing the features of the brain processes, it will be possible to assess the existence of a relation between the two.The characters of consciousness as identified in literature include A qualitative character- Siewert (1998) had suggested that there exist some experienced desires or thoughts in all forms of consciousness. These are the ones that form the qualitative character of consc iousness but they do not necessarily refer to sensory states. In essence, consciousness embodies some kind of feelings, though it is itself higher than normal physical feeling. When an individual is conscious of something, there is a feel attached to it, which happens beyond the physical human feelings.Phenomenal structure- phenomena as applied in both psychology and philosophy denotes how things in the mankind or the world in general appear to an individual. For consciousness to be complete, this feature ought to be present, that is, there should be an effort deep within oneself that attempts to interpret a certain event or knowledge of the world around an individual. The phenomenal structure of consciousness, as portrayed in theory shows that consciousness is made up not only of sensory ideas but also by complex representations of space, time, body, self and the world (Siewert, 1998). realistic theories of consciousness as published in the Stanford philosophy encyclopedia shows t hat representation of the world as it is has evolved belatedly to become an important theme in the study of consciousness (Stanford Encyclopedia, 2006). Subjectivity- Consciousness is disciplineive in the sense that what is conscious can only be experienced by that creature in the prevailing condition. Creatures with similar capabilities are the only ones that can understand the what-it is like, a common phrase used to define consciousness (Nagel, 1974).In this sense, consciousness is showcaseive, that is, it is understood from the creatures point of view as opposed to being objective where facts would be understandable based on available evidence. Self perspective- According to Searle (1992), conscious experiences exist not as isolated events but as states or modes of a conscious subject to self. For instance, the consciousness of pain is a happening experienced by a conscious subject. The appearance of the cant over as blue is a phenomena that appears as so to a subject.This i mplies that for consciousness to exist, the self subject which can be identified by, I think needs to be there. The self perspective is a critical feature in consciousness since for any event to be reflected to the level of awareness there is need for the intellectual participation of the self through past experience. The requirement for this intellectual part in the subject is an important aspect of this study since intelligence forms one of the brain processes and therefore serves to suggest that there is a close link between consciousness and brain processes. Unity- a conscious system involves some form of unity.Cleeremans (2003) postulate that consciousness has a unity characteristic this unity is that which arises from the subjects ability to link up varied informations and representations and make a coherent judgment. It is this unity in consciousness that can enable an individual to make a relation between past and present interpretations and therefore range consciousness in a focused direction. Other features that are associated with consciousness include wise to(p)ity and transparency, a feature that recognizes the arousal of consciousness about an event due to an individuals intent to do so (Cole, 2002).For instance, ones consciousness about the 9/11 attack comes to an individual through an intentional thought. Once the intention matures, the inner self becomes conscious of the event and the individual is said to be aware. There is also a dynamic flow of information in the conscious state. This dynamic flow is also referred to as a stream of consciousness in which the subject conscious state is expeditious and visualizes events in a dynamic manner, just as in real live (Stanford Encyclopedia, 2003).Through these features, consciousness in a subject performs some functions/ processes, most of which may borrow from both sensory and cognitive aspects. Consciousness plays the first role of flexible control of the physical actions of a subject (Ander son, 1983). When consciousness is defined as self-awareness, it implies that an individual measures and weighs options concerning an issue and as such, all actions are controlled in a state of awareness. In addition, consciousness enhances capacity for social coordination.Humphreys (1982) argues that a subject that is conscious is not only aware of itself and therefore its immediate needs but is also able to extend the awareness to other similar creatures. In a human context, being conscious therefore enables an individual to be conscious of others surrounding him which results to responsiveness to the events occurring in the social arena. Participation and responsiveness to the social environment leads to an integration of the like-subjects so that the social system develops values, beliefs, structures, intentions and perceptions.In addition to social coordination, consciousness presents a subject with an integrated representation of reality. By feature experiential organization a nd dynamism inherent in consciousness, it presents the world in an easy to understand frame. According to Campbell (1994), the features of consciousness help to constitute a meaningful structure of the world. Additionally, consciousness plays the following functions, all of which are additions, either to physical or cognitive processes it enhances informational access, enhances freedom of will and intrinsic motivation (Wegner, 2002).Going by these explanations, it is evident that the realm of consciousness is made up of both sensory functions and intellectual processes, implying that a strong part of consciousness is dependent on brain processes. In the section below, a brief delimitate will be made of what constitutes brain processes and make efforts to establish a correlation between them and the features and functions of consciousness discussed above.

A selectively membrane means that the cell membrane can only control over certain things Essay Example for Free

A selectively membrane intend that the carrell membrane can only control over certain things EssayOsmosis is the airing of body of water done and through a selectively permeable membrane. A selectively membrane means that the cell membrane can only control over certain things that come in and out through the membrane. A membrane is just the structure surrounding the cell. Throughout osmosis, the cell could either get larger, or smaller. If the cell gets larger it means that it was vagabond into a hypotonic solution, and result to the cell exploding. If the cell gets smaller, it means it was draw up in a hypotonic solution. If nothing happens to the cell, that means it was put in an isotonic solution. in one case a cell starts to get smaller, it will shrivel. The difference mingled with osmosis and distribution is that dispersal is the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.Methods To test, and see the differ ence between osmosis and diffusion, my assembly and I conducted three different labs. The first lab we had completed was one where you put an Elodea paging under the microscope. As step one we put it on a microscope slide, put a a couple of(prenominal) drops of water on top of it, and observed it under the microscope. As step two, we put a few drops of salted water on the leaf, and observed it underneath the microscope. Then we compared the differences in the leaf before and after. afterward looking at the two different images, it was clear that osmosis had taken place. The leaf in the salt water had have more shriveled you could also see it a lot better, obvious that something had taken place.The sanction lab that we had done involved cultivated carrots, and took three days to complete. We first got two cups and filled them halfway with water, in one of them we out one tablespoon of salt. After labeling the salted cup, we then took two carrots. On severally carrot we fast en a piece of string to it, and soaking each of them in the water. Before we could put either of the carrots into a cup, we described the textures of them. We then put cultivated carrot 1 into the water, while Carrot B went into the salted water. After about three days, we went back and got the carrots out of the water.Some of the observations we had noticed was that Carrot 1 had gotten sturdier, more than harder. Carrot 2 on the other hand had gotten rough spots, and pretty bendy overall. Both of the carrots had gotten bigger. intimate that osmosis had taken place, the task was now to figure out if it was hypertonic, or hypotonic. Knowing that Carrot 1 had gotten bigger, and much unassailableer, we knew that hypotonic osmosis had taken place. Since Carrot 2 was supposed to get smaller, we assumed that hypertonic osmosis had taken place, because the carrot was supposed to shrink and get smaller, meaning that the salt wouldve pulled out the vivid waters in Carrot 2.The third lab we had done we tested the amount of glucose that would have diffuse out of the baggie. First we took a graduated cylinder and poured 15ml of prepared glucose into it. Next we took a dialysis tube that had been soaking in water and tied a knot in one end. With the unknotted end, we carefully poured the 15ml of glucose in.After tying a knot in the open end, noting the coloring of the bag, determining if glucose was present in the tube using an indicator strip and eyesight that there wasnt any we went ahead(predicate) and put 250 ml of distilled water a big with one ml of potassium iodide (IKI) and the dialysis bag into our beaker. Once we had noted that privileged of the dialysis bag it was clear, the beaker was brown because of the IKI, and that there was glucose inside of the dialysis bag, unless not the beaker, we were ready to wait 30 minutes to move onto the next set of steps.After the long 30 minutes, we removed the dialysis bag from the beaker. Next we recorded data from th e dialysis bag which was sugar, and glucose present. The color went from clear to a light blue, and there was still glucose present. The data from the beaker had also changed, the color had stayed the same, but the glucose present had changed, because in the commencement ceremony the beaker didnt have any glucose, but now the distilled water had some. We knew that the glucose from the dialysis bag, had come out and into the beaker, and we knew that it had to be through diffusion because it wasnt just water in the beaker.Results In doing these three labs, we had learned the difference between osmosis and diffusion and we had also learned some very important vocabulary. For our first lab we had done, with the leaf, we had learned that osmosis had taken place, and because of osmosis, the leaf had expanded a lot. The leaf became more visible underneath the microscope, but with the naked eye, it had become a lot smaller, and shriveled. In this lab hypertonic osmosis had taken place, bec ause the salt from the salt water had brought the natural waters out of the leaf, and before you knew it the leaf under the microscope was much smaller. In our second lab we had ascertained that both of the carrots went through a phase of osmosis. Carrot 1 had done for(p) through hypotonic osmosis, where the water goes through the cell membrane.The water moves from the outside in, which explains why the carrot was bigger, and why it was much more firm than Carrot 2 which had gone through hypertonic osmosis, meaning that the salt in the cup/beaker had gone through the cell membrane, and basically soaked up the natural water in the carrot, and transferring it into the water inside the cup causing for the carrot to be shriveled up and smaller. In our third lab, we had saw diffusion for the first time. It is almost just like osmosis, except osmosis is only water and salts, and sugars. In this lab we had used potassium iodide in the water, making it not only water. The experiment had gon e substantially, and we got the results we had wanted.The thin dialysis bag had a certain amount of sugar in it, while the beaker it was laying in had absolutely none. In the end, the beaker had shown a significant amount of sugar in it, and because the potassium iodide could not pass through the dialysis bag, the sugar went ahead and came out of the bag, making the process of diffusion complete. Discussion All three of these labs worked out, and ended pretty well except our second lab, the carrot lab.Our data had shown that the weight after being soaked for three days of the carrots werent any different, they had both gained weight. But that had made no sense to us because the carrot that was in the salt water shouldve shrunk and not gained weight. Some of the errors that couldve gone wrong were that we may not have put enough salt in the cup for anything to actually take place. But because we had known what was supposed to happen, we had an estimation of what actually happen, an d the fact that the characteristics of everything of a shrunken cell had taken place, besides the fact that the carrot had gained a little bit of weight. References Lab Worksheets.Crazy CarrotsCellular Transport VocabularyAP Bio Lab 1 Osmosis and dispersion Lab ActivityElodea Leaf LabAcknowledgements Thank you Miss. Pagano for teaching me the difference between osmosis and diffusion and for writing up these labs to help my classmates and I understand it better and much easier

Fidelity To Truth Essay Example for Free

Fidelity To Truth EssayTRUTH is an idea or thought equivalent to lastledge. Thus, knowledge of fair play leads us to consider the meaning of two words knowledge and uprightness. Knowledge gives us rational and conceptual image and an accurate reflection of the true state of things as they really exist. While, truth is a state of mind free of error which entails a truthful image of things in existence. Moreover, truth encompasses the fact that it conveys universality and it is constant.Hence, truth does non vary it is a piece of unalterable reality. Through the expression presented, I have learned that the answer to what is true for you always exists at the core of who you ar, if you give yourself the quadruplet and time to listen. When you are being true to yourself, you are completely honest with what you feel, deeply value, and desire. It also actor communicating your feelings wholeheartedly both with yourself and others, allowing your truth to flow through you and i nto the world.Furthermore, I have learned that to know the truth for oneself, you need to cultivate a deep and trusting relationship with yourself. Eventually, this begins with awareness of your thoughts, as hygienic as awareness of your whole-body experience and how you interact with the world each day. Feelings of openness, expansion, inner joy and freedom are good signs that you are on the right path. Moreover, I have also learned that if you are not being true to yourself, it may show up through feelings of contraction and tension, unease, disconnection, resignation, emptiness, discontentment, or a wishing of fulfillment.It is said that the truth will always come out in the end and it may outcome some longer than others to determine his or her accurate outlook of what he/she perceives to be truth. Above all, the closely important thing to be treasure is pretending to be someone your not is a overplus of the person you are. MinSCAT plants Responsibility I NVOLVEMENT C OMMI TMENT E XCELLENCE WE ARE BORN TO BE TRUE not TO BE PERFECT.

Poverty and Income Inequality in South Korea Essay Example for Free

pauperization and Income discrimination in southerly Korea audition southbound Korea is counted among the military mans leading economies alongside giants such as United States and Germany (Wiseman Nishiwaki, 2006). Before the fiscal crisis hit Asia in 1997, atomic number 16 Korea was among the fastest growing economies of the world with a Gross Domestic mathematical product (GDP) increase deem exceeding 5 percentage (Kakwani, Khandker, Son). Kwack Lee (2007) report that income in opposeity had been decreased crossways the democracy before the fiscal crisis. Moreover, in the midst of the eld 1965 and 2005, income inequality had not significantly increased. All the alike(p), betwixt the years 1998 and 2005, South Korea experience a rally in income inequality seeing that the Asiatic financial crisis was massive in its scope (Kwack Lee, p. 20). Also, surrounded by the years 1990 and 1997, the percentage of South Korean people classified advertisement as p athetic had steadily decreased from 39. 6 percent to 8. 6 percent (Kakwani, Khandker, Son). South Korea was advent to be k forthwithn as an economy with relatively equal distribution of income and with full employment (Kakwani, Khandker, Son). But, the Asian financial crisis naturally increased the number of pathetic people in the arena.In fact, the percentage of sorry increased to 19 percent in 1998 it was 13. 4 percent a year later (Kakwani, Khandker, Son). correspond to a study conducted by Kakwani, Khandker, Son, the miserable of South Korea were disproportionately affected by the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Even though the South Korean economy started to grow again immediately after the crisis, the benefits of growth did not reach the poor as they did the rich. Then again, the government of South Korea introduced new welf ar programs for the in truth poor during that time.The poor people of the plain did not benefit from these programs, however. It was only the very poor that were positively impacted (Kakwani, Khandker, Son). What is more(prenominal), contrary to the interpretation of income inequality statistics as presented by Kwack Lee, the International Monetary Fund has denotative great concern over this problem in South Korea during the present era of globalization ( siding inconsistency IMF Acknowledges Downsides of Globalization, 2007). A report published in Korea Times in October 2007 readsMany South Koreans consider the nation has no other choice but to pursue the international trend in a bid to survive fiercer competition with other countries. Policymakers are trying to open the local market wider to immaterial products, while promoting sales of Korea, Inc. , under the spirit of freer trade. They go all-out to attract foreign investment by setting up free economic zones and international business towns. Businesses are also expanding their overseas net change by reversals for production, sales and investment under the mott o of globalization.In this regard, a recent IMF report caught the attention of economic policymakers, confederation executives, citizens and anti-globalization activists. Last week, the international body published its semi yearbook economic review, the universe of discourse economic Outlook, before the IMF and the world Bank run into scheduled for Oct. 20-21. The IMF said in the report that technology and foreign investment are making income inequality worse around the world. The review tries to figure out why income inequality has widened in both rich and poor countries in the past two decades.It is the first time that the IMF has come up with such a report admitting to the negative effects of globalization. Over the past two decades, income inequality has come up in most regions and countries, the report said. We can l attract much from the report. We waste to admit that South Korea has experienced widening income inequality, especially following the Asian financial woes. The income brackets fetch already been divided into 20 percent rich and 80 percent poor. That is the nations middle class has crumbled because the gap betwixt the rich and poor widened.The 20-80 ratio is on the verge of moving to a 10-90 ratio, further worsening the income gap. In addition, businesses render exploited non-regular workers and migrant laborers from foreign countries who suffer from low wages, poor working conditions and other discrimination. A lawfulness protecting non-regular workers took effect in July, but little appear has been made to guarantee their equal rights. Policymakers go out start out to take bolder measures to narrow income inequality and tackle other negative effects of globalization. (Widening Inequality IMF Acknowledges Downsides of Globalization)It is oft stated that globalization is accompanied by a widening gap between the haves and have-nots of the world. When a Korean granger suddenly appeared during a meeting of World craftiness Organ ization and act suicide, the problems facing the global political economy were highlighted that, in fact, the interests of the poor must be heeded, better than before. The farmer was wearing a shirt that read, WTO KILLS FARMERS (Cho, 2008, pp. x). After all, it is not uncommon for experts and non-experts alike to claim that the World Trade Organization does not represent the interests of the rich and the poor equally.Nevertheless(prenominal), in that respect is a limit to how much the World Trade Organization can do for the poorest people of the world. It is, in fact, for the government of South Korea to bear great responsibility for poor Koreans. According to another word report published in South Korea in the year 2007, The wage disparity of the lower 10 percent of earners versus upper 10 percent flush to a factor of 5. 4 in 2006 from 4. 8 in 2001, meaning that wages for the top decile of earners were around five-and-a-half times greater than those of the lowest decile of e arners (A seem at South Korean Society, 20 eld after land, 2007)It is for the South Korean government not only to improve income distribution in the country but also to implement policies to end abuse as well as discrimination of the poorest workers. person income in South Korea blush fivefold between the years 1987 and 2007. But, South Korea has not made progress to end income inequality. The Gini coefficient is typically the statistical measure of choice to assess income distribution. A Gini coefficient of zero indicates perfectly equal income distribution, while a coefficient of 1 indicates perfectly inequality.In 1987, the year that South Korea became a democratic country, its Gini coefficient was 0. 31. By the year 1997, South Koreas Gini coefficient had been reduced to 0. 28 as the country had made strides in minify the gap between the haves and the have-nots. But then the Asian financial crisis ensued. By 2006, South Koreas Gini coefficient was cover song to 0. 31. Alt hough the size of the economy had grown from $500 billion to $800 billion, income distribution had been reduced between 1997 and 2006. Unsurprisingly, the poorest people of South Korea are confronting discrimination and abuse.After all, the rich are getting richer at the expense of the poor. As a matter of fact, exploitation of labor is reality in South Korea (A Look at South Korean Society, 20 Years after Democracy). Robert J. Barro, a professor of economics at Harvard University, explains that brisk standards across South Korea were raised with its dramatic rise in GDP. As examples, the infant mortality rate fell from 8 percent to 0. 8 percent and life expectancy rose from 54 years to 73 years. Additionally, income distribution in South Korea has been more equitable as compared to the United States and Japan.When individual income rose in South Korea, low-income groups were beneficiaries, too, and poverty was reduced (Barro, 2003). Then again, as we have already discussed, the Gi ni coefficient of South Korea in 2006 was the same as in 1987. This reveals that although the poor people of South Korea have higher wages now than before, the gap between the haves and the have-nots has not been narrowed. So, Professor Barro suggests that South Korea must work on improving its educational activity system. If the poor people of South Korea have access to practiced quality education, it would be easier to improve income distribution.Moreover, the country needs to enhance bodied governance (Barro). These changes are sure to enhance working conditions and reinforcement standards of poor workers. Then again, South Korea may not be able to support half of its elderly households lively in a state of relative poverty with these improvements (Korea Highest in Elderly Poverty, 2008). In fact, the income of these households is lower than 50 percent of average household income in the country. Although South Korea has a pension scheme for the elderly, the percentage of the poor that may benefit from the scheme is small.Because the traditions of South Korea demanded of children to take care of their parents upon reaching adulthood, the country does not have a developed social insurance system for the elderly. What is more, South Korea is aging fast. At least 7 percent of its poor are over 65 today (Korea Highest in Elderly Poverty, 2008). At the same time as social welfare programs remained underdeveloped, South Korea generated 3100 more people owning at least U. S. $1 million worth liquid assets between the years 2000 and 2001 (Asian Millionaires A Tough Bunch, 2002).According to Australian Banking Finance, among the reasons for this rapid production of millionaires is increase income inequality (Asian Millionaires A Tough Bunch, 2002). To put it another way, corporate leaders are raising their organizational revenues, thanks in part to globalization, even as the poorest workers of their organizations stay to be paid low wages. In the year 2007, So uth Korea experienced the widest gap between the haves and the have-nots since the Asian financial crisis.In fact, the annual income of 20 percent of South Koreans earning the highest incomes was 5. 44 times greater than the annual income of the 20 percent that earned the lowest incomes. In 2006, the rich were earning 5. 38 times more than those that earn the least (Income Gap at its Widest Point since 1999 Financial Crisis, 2008). Analyzing the statistics, The Hankyoreh reports that income and wage gaps between 20 percent of the highest earners and 20 percent of the lowest earners had actually widened by 7. 9 percent and 11. 7 percent respectively between the years 2002 and 2007.What is more, statistics on income distribution in South Korea reveal that the richest people of the nation are earning more than the people of developed countries, while the poorest South Korean households have incomes that are equivalent to those of households in less developed countries. Even the World B ank has confirmed that poor South Koreans have the same lifespan standards as those of the citizens of El Salvador or Gabon. Rich South Koreans, on the contrary, have the same living standards as New Zealanders and Australians (Income Gap at its Widest Point since 1999 Financial Crisis).Professor Barros analysis of income disparity in South Korea must be considered incomplete for the reason that there is no decline in the inwardness of outgo on low-income households (Income Gap at its Widest Point since 1999 Financial Crisis). These households pay their cellular phone and net bills with twice as much of their incomes as do rich households. Despite the fact that wages have increased according to Barro income disparity continues to widen. Son Tae-jeong, one of the researchers at the LG Economic Research Institute in South Korea, stated that salaries increased between the years 2006 and 2007 to boot.However, the poorest workers do not seem to have availed the benefits of the rise in salaries across the country (Income Gap at its Widest Point since 1999 Financial Crisis). South Korea has introduced necessary legislations to corroborate its social welfare programs. There are social security schemes which are insurance based and applicable only to certain occupational groups. These schemes cover pensions and healthcare among other things. The government of South Korea also beseechs subsidies for house on a limited basis.But, most social security programs in the country only offer benefits related to earnings. Furthermore, these social security schemes are structured in a way that limits income redistribution from high-income to low-income groups (Social eudaemonia in East Asia pocket-size domain Spending but Low Income Inequality, 2008). Even though there are organizations across the country that continue to retain their unproductive workers, there is no way for them to recruit the plague of poverty afflicting the elderly poor of South Korea (Social Welf are in East Asia Low Public Spending but Low Income Inequality).The poor elderly South Koreans cannot be financially supported by their grown up kids because even though labor productivity and GDP have risen together, real wages have lagged behind (Chung, 2007, p. 228). Poor workers have low standards of living in any case, seeing that corporate leaders must focus on raising their own living standards even if they offer support to unproductive workers. Of course, as Barro has stated, education and corporate governance may work wonders in eradicating the problem of poverty facing the worker and his or her elderly parents in South Korea. unschooled people usually have low living standards (Savada Shaw, 1990). Moreover, in the workplaces of South Korea, these people are handle with open contempt by university graduate managers (Savada Shaw). Increasing numbers of South Korean workers have migrated from country farms to industrial establishments in recent years. Nevertheless, povert y has not been eradicated (Savada Shaw). Rather, the differences between the haves and the have-nots have remained. The Asian financial crisis had negatively impacted both the rich and the poor of South Korea. But, as mentioned before, the poor were disproportionately affected.Poor South Koreans had to reduce their spending by 9. 8 percent in the year 1998. The rich only reduced their spending by 0. 6 percent. Additionally, as soon as the Korean economy was back on its growth track, the rich are known to have greatly increased their spending. In point of fact, the consumption of luxury goods rose to the extent that sales of golf equipment were increased by 357. 6 percent between 1998 and 1999 (Yim, p. 32). The poor South Koreans, on the other hand, were left to their living standards resembling those of people in underdeveloped countries.Of a certainty, the government of South Korea must be formulating and implementing the kinds of policies required to resolve these structural econ omic issues once and for all. The country possesses the capacity to grow beyond expectations. But, at the same time, income inequality and poverty create such a burden that a South Korean farmer came to commit suicide at a meeting of the World Trade Organization. The rich capitalists of South Korea pay low wages to workers who go on increasing their productivity nevertheless. Furthermore, poor, uneducated workers are abused and exploited in the South Korean workplace.By instituting good corporate governance programs, the government of South Korea may very well correct this problem. After all, it is because of the poor workers motivation to increase productivity that has made South Korea one of the most important economies in the world today. The country would not be able to sustain its economic position if it fails to heed its workers needs. References A Look at South Korean Society, 20 Years after Democracy. (2007, Jun 8). The Hankyoreh. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//www. hani . co. kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/214664. html.Asian Millionaires A Tough Bunch. (2002, Oct 15). Australian Banking Finance. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_hb4849/is_18_11/ai_n28954879. Barrow, R. J. (2003, Jun 9). South Korea How to Keep the Miracle Going. Business Week. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//www. businessweek. com/magazine/ gist/03_23/b3836031_mz007. htm. Cho, Y. (2008, Oct 10). Participatory Democracy in the Global Public Sphere Scale, Media Events, and the Body. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, Sheraton New York, New York City, NY Online.Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//www. allacademic. com/one/www/www/index. php? cmd=www_searchoffset=0limit=5multi_search_search_mode=publicationmulti_search_publication_fulltext_mod=fulltexttextfield_submit=truesearch_module=multi_searchsearch=Searchsearch_field=title_idxfulltext_search=Participatory+Democracy+in+the+Global+Public+Sphe re%3A+Scale%2C+Media+Events%2C+and+the+Body. Chung, Y. (2007). South Korea in the Fast Lane Economic Development and Capital Formation. New York Oxford University Press. Income Gap at its Widest Point since 1999 Financial Crisis.(2008, Feb 15). The Hankyoreh. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//english. hani. co. kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/269809. html. Kakwani, N. , Khandker, S. , Son, H. H. Poverty Equivalent Growth Rate With Applications to Korea and Thailand. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//siteresources. worldbank. org/INTPGI/Resources/13984_Hyun_Sons_paper_pro-poor-final. doc. Korea Highest in Elderly Poverty. (2008, Nov 8). The Korea Times. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//www. koreatimes. co. kr/www/news/nation/2008/11/113_34066. html. Kwack, S. Y. , Lee, Y. S. (2007, Dec 31).Income Distribution in Korea in Historical and International Prospects. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//www. kdi. re. kr/kdi/report/report_read05. jsp? 1=1pub_no=10341. Savada, A. M. , Shaw, W. , eds. (1990). Social Classes in Contemporary Society. In South Korea A Country Study. majuscule GPO Library of Congress. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//countrystudies. us80/south-korea/. Social Welfare in East Asia Low Public Spending but Low Income Inequality. (2008, Jul). Center for Analysis of Social Exclusion. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//sticerd. lse. ac.uk/dps/case/cb/CASEbrief7. pdf.Widening Inequality IMF Acknowledges Downsides of Globalization. (2007, Oct 19). The Korea Times. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//www. bilaterals. org/article. php3? id_article=10033. Wiseman, P. , Nishiwaki, N. (2006, Jul 23). Income Inequality Shrinks Japans Middle Class. USA Today. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//www. usatoday. com/money/world/2006-07-23-japan-usat_x. htm. Yim, S. geographical Features of Social Polarization in Seoul, South Korea. Retrieved Mar 20, 2009, from http//www. lit. osaka-cu. ac. jp/geo/pdf/frombelow/0308_frombelow_yim. pdf.

Time Magazine Essay Example for Free

Time Magazine EssayBefore the history of eon, the news has served intimacyable, comical and critical, hot onward the press information to countless human beings. However, it was when two journalists decided to contribute a twist. Their impartial views on the latest reports allured those hungry knowledge, and satisfied the literate audience. TIME cartridge was founded by Mr. Britton Hadden and Mr. Henry Luce in the 1920s. two founders first became close companions by writing and editing the school paper at Hotchkiss School in Connecticut. The two eventually enrolled into Yale University, enlisted in the Reserve Officer Training Corps, and became, reporters for The Baltimore News (time. com).Having raised enough money, Hadden and Luce resigned from their line of business and invested in making their own iconic periodical. On March 3, 1923, the first TIME magazine published. It use to be summarized and organized the news so that busy men could stay informed (time. com). The magazines typical content used to expose topic ranging from heated court cases to business and leisure. Modern twenty-four hour period TIME delivers the latest current events from entertainment to world happenings, suitable for all genders, ages of eighteen and up.TIME magazine has currently reached an estimate of 3,286,314 paid American subscribers (timemediakit. com). That impressive number does not to amount to how many be purchased on magazine stands, coffee shops, as well as those sold internationally. With each weekly publication, TIME magazine depicts its own touch to stand out amongst the rest. The fifth edition of the year 1927 was where it all commenced. The iconic red line that restrains the front cover symbolizes a bold, even arrogant idea.Everything inside that red border is worth knowing, and whatever is outside of it, well, not so much (Stengel). TIME magazine portrays their pictures on near the entire 64-paged periodical as well. The quality and detail of each pull ins knowledge and understanding to its audience. Each fig carries a different perspective which draws the readers attention and interests completely. The 26th of November 2012s cover publication illustrated Peatrus formal uniform attire, along with his badges of high rankings and honor. Significantly, the picture by Marco Grob put shame in the at once respected Central Intelligence Agency director.Within the identical issue, photographs by Stephen Wilkes reveal the reality of Hurricane Sandy. Upon her zip arrival, left broken homes and lives in the Northeast region of the United States. He illustrated the atrocity of the storm by dint of images that released a similar attitude with those physically and emotionally affected. Nevertheless, Wilkes engages the reader to see the outcome of an underrated aftermath. The benefit of these concepts is to time lag the young and older adults who read TIME magazine, briefed yet aware of the battle their nation faced.The latest dirt of David Petraeus affair was what left the nation of America drooling over. The article Skyfall by Barton Gellman fed shocking, humorous, and insightful facts of the impropriety. His affair with liaison, Paula Broadwell bivalent up more than two relationships. Ms. Broadwell worked as an army reserve lieutenant colonel and biographer for Petraeus. With confirmed data, Tampa socialite Jill Kelley, alarmed by series of disturbing e-mails from someone self-identifying as kelleypartol, has filed an FBI complaint (Gellman).Federal Bureau of Investigation agents later ascertained it was Broadwell. That connection later linked to the scandalous messages Broadwell and Petraeus exchanged. Over 3 million Americans continue to hunger for the knowledge that TIME magazine serves. With its bright red iconic border, TIME captures the eloquent insight of advancing weekly affairs. The periodical has changed massively over the 89 years of expansion as newsfeeds and trends evolve. Nevertheless, the am bition and commitment to give open-minded and unbiased information to their audience will always be fed through the turn over of TIME.

This is England Essay Example for Free

This is England EssayThis is England is about a 12-year-old boy named Shaun. He lives in England and is bullied in/at school. He lives al oneness with his mother because his dad died in war. One day he meets a assemblage of skinheads who wants him to join their group. as yet though Shaun is young, he is not afraid of the skinheads. He joins the group and quickly becomes their favorite member. Shaun has probably been forced to act older than he is, because of his dads early death. In the video he makes out with an older girl, goes to skinhead meetings, and joins the nationalists, which all is unusual for such a young boy.He advantageously gets influenced by the apparent friendliness from the group. Woody is the leader of the skinhead group. He is the one who welcomes Shaun and teaches him how to be a substantive skinhead. In the beginning he is a role model to Shaun and he helps him to deal with his problems. Woodys girlfriend Lol helps him too. She cuts his hair, and is bei ng real nice to him. Woody and Lol are like a substitute take and mother to him. Finally Shaun has a sense of belonging somewhere. The skinheads is a group of people who really care about him.Especially when he meets Smell, he finds out what it feels like to be in love. opaque is another member of the group. He is the only black person and when jazz band shows up that causes him troubles. Combo is a skinhead too, who has been to prison for the last couple of years. He has now returned, and wants the other members of the group to join the nationalist drift and protest against the war. Combo has some racist views, and when he starts talking bad about the blacks no one in the group stands up for Milky. The group split up, and Shaun chooses to join Combos group in concert with 3 others.Combo is now his new role model, and he uses the death of Shauns father to influence him that what they are doing is right. Shaun is manipulated and cannot see how far out he is before it is too lat e. They rob a niggling store, threaten people and paint graffiti. One day Combo and Milky smokes crack, and suddenly Combo break off out with anger and starts hitting Milky. He gets badly wounded and is taken to hospital. Shaun realizes that what they are doing is wrong. He dialog to his mother about how they both miss his father.He throws out the Union Jack flag which Combo has given him, which is a symbol of the facts that he is now done with the skinheads. Somehow, the whole thing has helped Shaun to deal with his grieve. Even though he misses his dad, he finds out that there is more in life than taking revenge. He steps of the illegal path he has been following and decides to become a proper person. His intention was neer to hurt anyone, because he knows what it feels like to be hurt. A chapter of his life is over and done with, and a smear new one is about to be written.

The Humanistic and Cognitive Behavioral Applications of Psychology Essay Example for Free

The humanistic and cognitive behavioural Applications of Psychology EssayPsychology as a scientific discipline dope be divided into four major historical forces. The first historical force being psychoanalysis, the sulfur force behaviorism, the third force humanistic, and the fourth force multicultural. Each historical force represents the zeitgeist or frequent school of thought for its historical time, and each school of thought brought about the development of different abstractive applications and ideological come neares. This paper will focus on theorists and theoretical applications of the second and third historical forces. behaviourism is the school of thought founded by John B. Watson and is the second historical force in psychology. The basis of behavioral psychology suggests that all behaviors ar pick outed and therefore can be unlearned and changed. Watson, like close other behaviorists were of the mindset that only observable, or overt behaviors, should b e studied because concepts such as emotion and cognition were too subjective (Cherry, K. 2011).Cognitive applications of behavioral psychology known as Cognitive Behavioral psychology or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) differs from the orientation of Behaviorism in that it focuses on the mental processes, apprehensions, and interpretations of the mind, as well as how information is retrieved. Cognitive Theorists study emotions are triggered by thoughts and beliefs. It is in this mindset that Cognitive Behavioral psychotherapeutics was developed as a type of talk therapy which is clinically proven to be more effective than medication for treating insomnia, depression and several other psychological issues. One of the nigh leading light Cognitive Behavioral theorists of modern day psychology is Dr, Albert Ellis. I focus on Albert Ellis and his theoretical applications because of their similarities to the foundations of Buddhist psychology.Albert Ellis founded Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy can be viewed as a philosophy of living, as well as a form of psychotherapy. Dr. Ellis also believed that unhappiness could be assuage by learning to identify 4 types of irrational thinking andcultivating Universal Self-Acceptance ( USA ) which overlaps Buddhisms three mark of populateence ( annicca, anatta, dukha ) (Tsering, 2006). Dr. Ellis believed that self-confidence was an irrational and harmful concept for reasons similarly found in Buddhism. M each psychologists believe that self-esteem issues help or exacerbate most mental health issues. Dr. Ellis advocated replacing the concept of self-esteem with Universal Self-Acceptance (USA) (M.G.T. Kwee, 2006) Rational-emotive behavior therapy, or REBT, can perhaps be summarized by understanding the A-B-C model for psychotherapy. (Ellis, 1994) REBT says that the most common mistake people make is in assuming that adversity (A) is responsible, or causes, emotional conseque nces (C).For example, unrivaled might believe that doing poorly on a project at work (the adversity, or A) is what causes them stern anxiety and stress (the consequence, or C). The REBT therapist, however, argues that it is not the adversity (A) which causes the anxiety and stress (C), but rather it is the individuals perceptiontheir unrealistic and over generalized beliefs (B) about the adversity that causes the anxiety and stress. It was not that a person did poorly on the project, but rather her belief that she must(prenominal) do well on everything she does. This unrealistic belief that she must do well all the time led her to tell herself how awful it was that she did not do well. Thus, it was her perception that she did not do what must be done, and that it is awful that she did not do what must be done, that resulted in her feelings of stress and anxiety. While most people believe that A=C, the REBT therapist shows them that, in reality, A x B = C. If the therapist can adj ust the clients thinking by making her realize that she doesnt always cause to do well, or that its not really that awful that she didnt do as well as she would fork out liked, then her feelings of anxiety and stress may be lessened. (Ellis,1994)As a cognitive-behavioral mode of treatment REBT postulates that emotional and psychological disorders are largely the result of thinking irrationally, dysfunctionally, negatively, absolutely, or illogically. Furthermore, REBT theorizes that rational and irrational thoughts are incompatible. (Tsering, 2006) cosmos are able to get rid of most of their emotional and mental unhappiness, inefficacy, or disturbance if they learn to maximize rational and minimize irrational ideation REBT holds that sustained negative feelings, such as intense depression, anxiety, anger, and guilt, are almostalways un inevitable to human living. (Ellis, 1994) After researching different aspects of Buddhist psychology it is my opinion that Dr. Ellis (REBT ) transc ends multi-cultural borders and values. I find this approach to psychotherapy to be very beneficial and important in American psychology which historically has failed in many aspects to encompass other cultures and ideological approaches in psychotherapies and treatments. Many similarities also exist between the ways that Taoism, Zen Buddhism, and the self-actualization theories of Rogers and Maslow. Both Maslow and Rogers described the self-actualizing person as one who has personalised self-sufficiency and who is free to make choices. The actions of the self-actualizing person are not determined solely by the physical and favorable environment, because a person has access to personal resources that are, in turn, growth promoting.According to Maslow (Maslow, 1968) ) the self-actualizing person does not cancel facing or acting on feelings or thoughts that are experienced. The self-actualized person of Maslow, Rogers, Zen Buddhism, and Lao Tzu feels a kinship with all human being s. These people care about others with a caring that is gentle and not moralistic. The humanistic approach of the third historical force in psychology reflects the self actualization ideologies frame up forth in Buddhism and Taoism and suggested by Maslow and Rogers. Carl Rogers, created client-centered therapy, and designated unconditional positive regard (UPR) as one of the three conditions were necessary for positive change, along with empathy and genuineness (congruence). According to the Rogerss theory, mental illness is often caused by the absence of hit the hay or by a defective kind of love that the client received as a child. By showing the client unconditional positive regard and acceptance, the therapist is providing the best possible conditions for personal growth to the client. (Campbell, 1985) One regards each aspect of the clients experience as being recess of that client . (Bozarth, 2001)While all four of the historical forces arrive contributed to the developmen t of American psychology and psychological theories, I believe it is the cognitive behavorial and existentialistic ideologies such as the theories of Ellis (REBT) and Rogers(UPR) that have had the greatest impact on psychotherapy and its multi-cultural applications . I can honestly say that my views and opinions have been changed by the knowledge I have gained from the news report and Systems class also known as psychology 308. From a cultural perspectiveI have always felt I belonged to two different worlds. I was born in Kentucky and raised in a very conservative , narrow-minded community. The predominant school of thought was very racist. My ethnic hereditary pattern is Scotch-Irish and I was taught as a child to have a dislike for those who were not like me. Imagine, if you will, the appointment I felt as a child who played with dolls, hated baseball, and had an attraction to members of my sex. Researching the different theoritical orientations in psychology has been an extrem ely enlightening experience. While I do not profess to be of any religious or spiritual mindset, I have developed an interest in the Buddhist approach of self-acceptance to life. I am almost 46 years old and I have made my office of mistakes along the way.Self acceptance has always been something I have struggled with. Dr. Ellis REBT and Buddhist psychological approaches have habituated me the tools to take a greater look at myself and to be okay with what I see. I delineate to be an advocate for those people like myself who have felt cheated by the cultural values or norms put forth by American psychological culture. Times may be changing, but in my opinion not fast enough. As we move to a more culturally diverse terra firma I hope that the plight of gay, lesbian, and transgendered persons will be considered in the greater development of multi-cultural psychology. Brook, J. S., Whiteman, M. (2008). Onset of childish drinking a longitudinal study of intrapersonal and interpers onal antecedents.BibliographyBozarth, J. (2001). Unconditional Positive Regard (Rogers Therapeutic Conditions phylogeny Theory Practice. Pccs Books. Campbell, P. A. (1985). Bio-spirituality focusing as a way to grow. Loyola University Press. Ellis, A. (1994). Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy . lash Lane . Hanh, T. N. (1999). The Heart of the Buddhas TeachingTransforming Suffering into Peace, Joy, and Liberation . Broadway Books. M.G.T. Kwee, K. G. (2006). Horizons in Buddhist Psychology Practice, Research Theory,. disconcert Falls Taos Institute Publications. maslow, A. (1968). Toward a Psychology of Being. New York Princeton. Tsering, G. T. ( 2006). Buddhist Psychology The Foundation of Buddhist Thought.

American Colonies and Separation from England Essay Example for Free

American Colonies and Separation from Eng disembark EssayWhen settlers from England came to America, they envisioned a Utopia, where they would have a say in what the government can and cannot do. Before they could live in such a society they would have to use up many small steps to break dance the hold England had on them. The settlers of America had to end a monarchy and first gear their own, unique, form of government. They also had to find a way that they would have some kind of decision qualification power. The most important change that the colonies in America had to make was to occasion a society sooner different from that in England.By 1763 although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and musical interval of church and state. During the mid-1600s England was a Christian dominated ground the colonies, how forever, were mainly Puritans. When Sir Edmond Andros took over a P uritan church in Boston for Anglican worship, the Puritans believed this was done to break their power and authority. The Puritan church in New England was almost entirely separated from the state, except that they taxed the residents for the churchs support. The churches in New England had no temporal power, unlike the church of England. Many seaport towns like Marble judgment and Gloucester, became more religious as time pasted. This show of religious freedom was a way in which the colonies had religious toleration and differed from the Christian church in England.Unlike the well-defined social classes of England, the colonies had a contour class coordinate, which gave individuals the chance to rise on the social latter. New settlers living on the coast could become rich by fishing and selling what they caught. If fishing was not a settlers strong point, then they could taste their hand at farming. Getting the land to farm on was the easy part. The head right arranging gave e ach male 50 acres, and 50 acres to each indentured servant he world power bring over. England could not do this because England so defined the social classes and they did not have enough land that they could give to e actually male and his indentured servant.In a similar economic revolution, the colonies out grew their mercantile relationship with England and developed their own expanding capitalistsystem. The idea of a set amount of wealth in the world and that if one were to become wealthy, he or she had to take from someone who is already wealthy, is basically what mercantile system means. The colonies did not believe this idea in America. They believed that no matter who you were, if you had a good idea for do money you could do so, and without having to take it from someone else. This capitalistic spirit made many men very prosperous, unlike England who tried to force colonial ships to stop at England before they deliver their cargo. This would take money from the colonists and put it in the pockets of England. However, it did not work because the colonies figured out ways to make the raw materials on their ships into useable goods at the colonies themselves instead of at England.The colonies broadened the notion of liberty and self-government far beyond what England had ever envisioned. through and through the years certain anomalies occurred, as colonial governments furthered themselves from the government of England. The governors of the colonies got power and certain prerogatives that the King had lose the assembly of a colony got powers, particularly with respect to appointments, which Parliament had yet to gain. England was too preoccupied by the struggle between Parliament and Stuart Kings, to perfect effective imperial control over the colonies in America.The separation from England by the colonies in America took many years, but ultimately gave the colonists a real sense of freedom. Through small steps like, capitalism, self-government, and a fluid class structure, the colonies slowly, but surely, gained their independence from England. These changes in religion, economics, politics, and social structure illustrate this Americanization of the transplanted Europeans.

The Hawala Extortion Method Essay Example for Free

The Hawala Extortion Method EssayAmong the methods terrorists worldwide use to move notes from regions that finance them to marker countries some hardly leave any traceable trail. As regulators learned recently, one of the weak points in the payments chain through which illicit funds can enter is a system of traditional trust-based banking originating in southern Asia which is known as hawala. The word hawala is Hindi meaning trust or substitution.Often employ in relation with the word hundi which stands for bill of exchange hawala is an unofficial alternative remittance and money exchange system enabling the transfer of funds without their actual physical move. Traditional financial institutions may be involved but more often the system is use to bypass banks. There are an estimated 3000 internationalistic hawala brokers operating in Asia. Allegedly the business is monopolized by migrants from India who mostly operate from countries in the Gulf and south East Asia.Network s include trading points in the financial centres of Singapore and Hong Kong, and some of the biggest family-based money-dealers are based in London. In principle, hawala works as follows Individual brokers or operators, known as hawaladers, collect funds at one end of the payment chain and former(a)s distribute the funds at the other(a). For example, an expatriate working in America or Kuwait who wants to disseminate money back to his family in Pakistan or Syria turns to a shylock or trader with contacts in both countries giving him the money.The trader calls a trusted partner in the home country who delivers the amount to the family, minus a commission. For identification and the details of the trade often a code is used. The two traders settle accounts either through reciprocal remittances, trade invoice manipulations, gold and unusual gem smuggling, the conventional banking system, or by physical movement of currency. Usually, hawaladers operate independently of each other r ather than as part of a larger organization. For Asian immigrants the hawala system provides a speedy, reliable and authentic method to remit money home.In principle, it allows cash delivered in one place to be make available elsewhere in the time it takes to make a telephone call or send a fax. The system proves superior to any Western banking operation No identification needs to be presented, commissions are very low, transmission is very fast, and the system is in operation 24 hours a twenty-four hours and every day of the year even in regions where no banks or other financial institutions exist. The last mentioned also explains why the system is not only used by expatriates, drug barons and terrorists, but in some countries is quite common in rural areas.For example, in the 1980s, about 70% of total realisation outstanding in Pakistan were estimated to be in the informal sector, and about 80% of all informal credit rating were in agriculture. Hawala has been a traditional m ethod of moving money in south Asia long onward Western banking became established in the region protecting early merchants along the silk road against robbery. In past China it was known as fei qian or flying coins. The system spread throughout the world to other Asian regions, the Middle East, eastern and southern Africa, Europe and North and southwest America following in-migration patterns.Based on a mans word there is strong market segmentation in that, for example, a Pashtun trusts only a Pashtun hawaladar, a Sikh only a Sikh one, and so on. These days, although mainly used for legitimate transfers and often operating in conjunction with Western banking operations, the hawala system is regarded as a pigment factor in money laundering, other financial crimes and financing of illegal organizations committed in and associated with South Asia. Hawaladars in Dubai, India and Pakistan are said to be forming a hawala triangle responsible for significant international money laun dering activities that spread far beyond the region.